Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-08-05T16:48:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosany Correa.pdf: 1967544 bytes, checksum: ebd429b652ee8d2f3213b58f71ba9a95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T16:48:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosany Correa.pdf: 1967544 bytes, checksum: ebd429b652ee8d2f3213b58f71ba9a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / This research aims to analyze environmental conflicts related to damage caused by surface subsidence from old coal mines in Criciúma and its surroundings in the state of Santa Catarina. The theoretical model was developed taking the model developed by Rondeu (1996) - dealing with the dynamics analysis of conflicts - as a reference. The Rondeu´s model is presented as a tool to support the understanding and search of solutions to conflicts related to subsidence impacts of old underground mines mined out prior to 1988 on properties and structures. The development of the theoretical model allowed a better understanding of the origin and consequences of conflicts related to subsidence regarding perception and behavior of actors in clash and the solutions that have been forwarded over the years. This research is qualitative in nature and can be classified into three categories bibliographic, documental and field. The bibliographical search encompassed articles published in journals and in both national and international meetings on the following issues: coal mining, environmental and social impacts of subsidence, clashes involving different land uses, and management of environmental conflicts. The documentary research focussed on documents available in the websites of Federal Public Ministry and the Municipality of Criciúma, as well as on documents provided by land-owners affected by environmental damage arising from coal mine subsidence. The field research was carried out via interviews with questions on environmental impacts, risk society, use of soil and subsoil, and environmental conflicts. In light of all information and evidence gathered, it can be concluded that conflicts resulting from subsidence of old mines, despite being relatively frequent in the region, are not always resolved taking into account all damages and losses involved, unless the final decision resulted from lawsuits. It is also possible to conclude that underground coal mining undertaken in the Criciúma area prior to 1988 was conducted in a predatory way, leaving a legacy of fear and uncertainty to the local population. This scenario comes up because the population has no way to predict when and where subsidence of old mines will occur. In this regard, the inhabitants of Criciúma and neighboring municipalities are facing constant risks that threaten their natural and built environment. The results of this research also indicate that the present situation in the Criciúma area is worrisome because the Brazilian Federal State (who is responsible for managing the mining operation countrywide) is unable to manage conflicts arising from mining subsidence. As a final contribution the study presents a set of guidelines to support the negotiations related to environmental conflicts. / Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os conflitos socioambientais relacionados aos danos causados em superfície por subsidência de minas antigas de carvão, em Criciúma e entornos, no Estado de Santa Catarina. O modelo teórico foi elaborado tendo como principal referência o modelo da análise dinâmica de conflitos de Rondeu (1996) que é apresentado como um instrumento de apoio ao entendimento e encaminhamento de soluções para os embates relacionados aos impactos ambientais em propriedades e estruturas causados por subsidência de minas antigas, lavradas anteriormente a 1988. O delineamento do modelo teórico permitiu um melhor entendimento da origem e desdobramentos dos conflitos relacionados à subsidência, em termos da percepção e comportamento dos atores em embate e, também, das soluções que vêm sendo encaminhadas, seja pela via judicial ou negociada. A pesquisa, predominantemente qualitativa, assumiu três tipologias: bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Na pesquisa bibliográfica foram utilizados artigos publicados em periódicos e em eventos nacionais e internacionais sobre mineração de carvão, impactos socioambientais de subsidência, embates envolvendo diferentes usos e ocupações do solo e gestão de conflitos ambientais. Na pesquisa documental foram utilizados documentos disponibilizados no site do Ministério Público Federal e da Prefeitura Municipal de Criciúma, bem como documentos fornecidos por superficiários afetados por danos ambientais oriundos de subsidência de minas. A pesquisa de campo foi conduzida via aplicação de roteiro de entrevistas com questionamentos sobre impactos ambientais, sociedade de risco, uso do solo e subsolo, e conflitos socioambientais. À luz das informações e evidências obtidas, conclui-se que os conflitos resultantes de subsidência de minas antigas, mesmo sendo relativamente frequentes na região, nem sempre são resolvidos de modo a considerar todos os danos e perdas envolvidos, a não ser quando a decisão decorre de ações judiciais. Conclui-se também que a mineração subterrânea de carvão na região nos anos que precederam 1988 foi conduzida de forma predatória, deixando um legado de medo e incertezas, pois a população não tem como prever quando e onde os episódios de subsidência de minas antigas vão ocorrer. Neste sentido, os habitantes de Criciúma e dos municípios vizinhos convivem com riscos constantes que ameaçam o ambiente natural e o construído dos locais em que vivem. A situação é preocupante, pois o Estado federal (União), a quem compete gerenciar a exploração minerária no país se mostra incapaz de administrar os conflitos oriundos de subsidência de minas. Como contribuição final o estudo apresenta um conjunto de diretrizes para suporte a negociações, relacionadas a conflitos socioambientais.

Please read the abstract (Summary) in the 00front part of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Chemistry / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Geology / Unrestricted

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Mining has a lengthy history in South Africa, and subsequent beneficiation processes have been conducted with little regard for the environment, thus leaving the land with un-rehabilitated abandoned mines. Currently, most of these abandoned mine sites are no longer operational and they continuously contaminate soil, air and water resources in various areas where mining took place. This study looks at the treatment of contaminated mine water using the Dispersed Alkaline Substrates (DAS) which is a new South African technology that uses a variety of substrates to neutralize and raise the pH of mine water while lowering the solubility of potentially dangerous metals.

No description available.

M. S.

Today, solid waste management in coal mines is an urgent requirement for the coal mining industry. The overlying materials removed from a seam of coal are solid wastes transported to dumping sites and should be strictly, efficiently managed and monitored by an automatic system. These wastes must be separated for use as leveling and filling materials or residue materials need to be processed in order to minimize the impact on the environment. The system was designed to manage and monitor vehicles transporting solid waste in open coal mines to force them in tasks of taking solid wastes and giving out these wastes in the right places, to help collect and process suitably. The results showed that the calculation of numbers of trips using the software program named 'Management of trucks' achieved the statistics of running trucks between the points of removing wastes and dumping sites, in which the numbers of valid and invalid trips were given out. The monitoring process obtained the statistics of active and inactive total time of vehicles transporting solid waste. From that we can calculate and classify them at each dumping site. In addition, the statistics of productivity of power-shovels, fuel consumption levels of excavators and trucks were also gained. / Hiện nay quản lý chất thải rắn tại các mỏ than là một yêu cầu cấp bách đối với ngành khai thác than. Các chất thải khi bóc vỉa được chở đến các bãi đổ cần có một hệ thống quản lý giám sát chặt chẽ. Những chất thải này phải được phân loại để làm vật liệu san lấp hoặc vật liệu cần xử lý nhằm giảm thiểu các tác động tới môi trường. Hệ thống được thiết kế có nhiệm vụ quản lý và giám sát các xe chở chất thải trong quá trình khai thác tại các mỏ lộ thiên, đảm bảo các phương tiện này được xúc và đổ đúng nơi quy định, giúp thu gom, xử lý một cách phù hợp. Kết quả cho thấy rằng việc tính toán số lượng các chuyến xe bằng cách sử dụng chương trình phần mềm có tên là 'Quản lý xe tải' thu được các số liệu thống kê xe chạy giữa các điểm xúc chất thải và các điểm đổ, trong đó thống kê được số lượng các chuyến đi hợp lệ và không hợp lệ. Quá trình giám sát thu được các số liệu thống kê của tổng thời gian hoạt động và không hoạt động của các phương tiện vận chuyển chất thải rắn. Từ đó chúng tôi có thể tính toán và phân loại chúng ở mỗi điểm đổ chất thải. Ngoài ra, cũng thu được các số liệu thống kê năng suất hoạt động của máy xúc, mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu của máy xúc và xe tải.

No description available.

The determination of mine design variables such as mine shaft locations, mine field dimensions, mine design capacity, and mine service life under various mining conditions is of primary importance to the economics of developing and subsequently operating an underground coal mine. However, the problem has received little academic attention in the United States. Solutions to the problem tend to be subjective and based upon personal experience and managerial judgment rather than objective and based upon some quantitative criteria. The purpose of this research was to conduct a quantitative study on the problem of evaluating these mine design variables and to develop a mathematical modeling approach that permits a quantitative determination of the design variables and facilitates the analysis of effects of input parameters such as seam an gle, seam thickness, seam depth, underground traveling speed of men, mine recovery, plant recovery, average productivity~ and interest rate on the size of underground coal mine operations and the unit cost of coal. In formulating the problem, relationships among mining costs, main shafts location, section production per shift, number of production sections in mines, mine output, and mine field dimensions were analyzed. Thereby, the unit cost of coal was expressed as a function of mine field dimensions, mine design ca pacity, and mine service life. The problem was then formulated as a nonlinear optimization model in terms of minimizing the unit cost of coal subject to certain constraints, and solved analytically for flat seams and numerically for inclined seams. Possible extensions of the formulation were also discussed. The methodology developed in the research was intended to be an important step toward the increased application of quantitative methods in designing underground coal mines. The results obtained from the study are expected to serve as useful aids in establishing logical mining units (LMU) or dividing a deposit into blocks for development, locating mine shafts within a mine field, planning annual mine production rates, and projecting the lifetime of an underground coal mine. / Ph. D.

Attempts to recover reserves of coal situated within barrier pillars in the Beatrice Mine using the room and pillar method have thus far been largely frustrated due to magnitude, in or near the working places shortly after commencement of retreat mining in a given area. Since pillar mining offers the opportunity for achieving relatively high production at a low cost per ton the development of methods for the detection and distressing of areas of high bump probability in advance of mining would significantly improve the competitive position of the deep mines operating in the Pocahontas No. 3 seam in Buchanan County, Virginia. Unstable ground movements occurring within a panel of pillars removed using continuous mining equipment were detected using the microseismic monitoring system developed by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Areas of high stress occurring within the panel were detected by a series of convergence points installed by the mine operator and by small diameter auger holes drilled into individual pillars. The highest levels of seismic activity were recorded during the mining of pillars which, though themselves suffering convergence to some extent, were situated inby areas in which greater amounts of closure had occurred. The presence of anomalous geologic structures in the roof strata outby, as well as the presence of pillars of irregular geometry, in close proximity to areas of high seismic occurrence was also noted. Of the pillars probed using auger drilling it was determined, using criteria developed in Poland for evaluation of bump prone pillars, that two pillars in the next panel to be mined presented an extreme hazard, while several others were of intermediate hazard potential. The practice of injecting water into pillars through holes drilled well in advance of mining was found to be largely ineffective, though injection carried out immediately following drilling of the hole in a highly stressed pillar did induce rapid convergence for a period of approximately two weeks. / M. S.