Thesis (M.A.)--California State University, Chico. / Includes abstract. "Located in the Chico Digital Repository." Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 341-359). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055675.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1988. / Cover title. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 641-700).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Adviser: Jon M. Erlandson. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 729-756). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Dept. of Archaeology) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.I.S.)--Oregon State University, 2011. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-149). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The aim of this thesis is to understand the role of geomorphological change in the abandonment of Norse harbours in the North Atlantic. Nodes of maritime activities that were established by Norse settlers during the Scandinavian Viking Age often developed into important towns and cities. Some of these, however, disappeared for unknown reasons. Norse harbours in the North Atlantic varied in scale. They ranged from small landing beaches used by small boats for local use through to much larger anchorages handling considerable trade and being important nodes on the transatlantic trading network. Changes in coastal geomorphology necessitated a response from seafarers. In this thesis, a conceptual framework for the formation, recovery and stability of headland-dominated sandy beaches in high-energy environments is established, based on empirical observation and on the use of the MIKE21 numerical sediment transport model. Under persistent calm climatic conditions, nearshore seabed gradient is a weak control on beach formation and persistence in embayments. However, under persistent stormy conditions, nearshore sea bed gradient becomes the prominent control. Embayments with nearshore gradients of > 0.025 m/m inhibit beach recovery on a sub-annual timescale, while gradients < 0.025 m/m promote beach recovery. These ideas are assessed in the Shetland Islands, using numerical modelling, geomorphology and OSL dating on sand blow deposits. In the late Norse era beach landing sites in Unst became prone to depletion and destruction because of increased storminess. Numerical modelling (MIKE21) supports the idea that the recovery time of different sandy beaches on Unst is dependent on average nearshore slope. The beach at Sandwick has shallow nearshore gradients and recovers quickly in the face of storminess, but beach stability at Lunda Wick is more uncertain, and thus Lunda Wick represents a more problematic landing place. The Norse harbour of The Bishop's seat at Garðar in the Eastern Settlement of Greenland is assessed to evaluate the impacts of gradual long term geomorphological change on coastlines that lack soft-sediment. A high resolution, near shore bathymetric survey shows that, due to relative sea level rise of 1 m/500 years, the landing site became more difficult to access during the later period of Norse settlement and key onshore infrastructure was disrupted. The possible role of terrestrial supplies of sediment in changing the viability of landing places is assessed through an evaluation of the Norse trading centre of Gásir in northern Iceland. Geomorphological mapping and analysis of fluvial connectivity indicate that the delta on which Gásir is located is prone to aggradation from large, irregular pulses of sediment derived from landslides in the catchment. Written sources and geomorphological mapping indicate geomorphological changes around the same time that trade was shifting to the use of boats with a deeper draft. Cultural change and environmental changes would have reinforced each other in rendering the harbour site nonviable. Geomorphological forces acting on varying spatial and temporal scales have the potential to disrupt the use of landing sites. Whether environmental changes led to the abandonment of a landing site was strongly influenced by the seafarers' competence and available technology. Higher levels of competence would enable more problematic landing sites to be used, but there are limits to this adaptation. Technological changes, such as the use of larger and deeper draft boats, would have changed the geomorphic requirements for harbour sites, and thus may have led to a passive abandonment of the site over time rather than active abandonment such as that in the face of a catastrophic change of the shoreline. Coastal geomorphology was a critical factor affecting the use of Norse harbours, as it interacted with the wider cultural and economic developments in the North Atlantic realm. This thesis demonstrates that numerical sediment transport analysis is a powerful tool in coastal archaeological research as it can illuminate processes driving observable changes in the empirical record.

As pesquisas atuais sobre os sambaquis litorâneos no Brasil os consideram estruturas intencionalmente construídas a partir de unidades culturais complexas, de processo contínuo de sedentarização e adensamento demográfico, que se expandiram por toda a costa brasileira entre pelo menos sete mil e mil e quinhentos anos atrás. Após esse período de dominação sambaquieira em ecossistemas costeiros, ocorreu um processo de mudança na configuração dos sítios, marcado pela presença de cerâmica em camadas mais recentes dos sambaquis e pelo surgimento de novos assentamentos tardios. Tais transformações são interpretadas como o início do contato entre povos interioranos e as populações do litoral. Essa pesquisa de mestrado buscou aprofundar o conhecimento obtido a respeito do sítio cerâmico Galheta IV (datado entre 1256-1031 e 690-530 cal AP) durante o projeto Sambaquis e Paisagem, a partir de uma perspectiva zooarqueológica, e trazer novos dados que auxiliem na compreensão dos processos de descontinuidade da construção de sítios conchíferos no litoral sul catarinense. As análises contemplaram áreas intra-sítio na tentativa de compreender sua contextualização relacional e espacial. Os resultados identificaram vestígios zooarqueológicos atuando como acompanhamentos funerários. Uma concentração de vestígios de fauna em uma área específica do sítio arqueológico, associada à grande quantidade concreções, apontam para um alto processamento e consumo de vertebrados relacionados ao contexto funerário do sítio. A presença significativa de espécies marinhas de grande porte, como pinípedes, tubarões, e cetáceos, somados aos resultados de análises isotópicas previamente desenvolvidas, inaugura um panorama que difere dos demais estudos de fauna em sítios costeiros desenvolvidas até então, nos quais os peixes são fontes proteicas predominantes na dieta de populações pré ceramistas e ceramistas. Esses animais marinhos de elevado nível de cadeia trófica, somados aos peixes, aves e tartarugas marinhas, demonstram uma continuidade e intensificação das práticas pesqueiras desenvolvidas por grupos sambaquieiros, numa adaptação para a captura de recursos junto às áreas próximas ao costão rochoso e ao mar aberto. / Current research on the coastal shellmounds (or sambaquis) in Brazil considers them structures intentionally constructed from complex cultural units, a continuous process of sedentarization and demographic densification, which have expanded throughout the Brazilian coast between at least seven thousand and fifteen hundred years ago. After this period of shellmounds domination in coastal ecosystems, a process of change in the configuration of the sites occurred, marked by the presence of pottery in more recent layers of the shellmounds and by the appearance of new late settlements. Such transformations are interpreted as the beginning of contact between the interior peoples and the coastal populations. This master\'s research sought to deepen the knowledge obtained about the Galheta IV ceramic site (dating from 1256-1031 and 690-530 cal BP) during the Sambaquis e Paisagem project, from a zooarchaeological perspective, and to bring new data that contribute to the understanding of the discontinuity processes of the construction of shellmounds sites in the south coast of Santa Catarina. Analyzes contemplated intra-site areas in an attempt to understand their relational and spatial contextualization. The results identified zooarchaeological vestiges acting as funerary accompaniments. A concentration of fauna remains in a specific area of the archaeological site, associated to a large number of concretions, point to a high processing and consumption of vertebrates related to the funerary context of the site. The significant presence of large marine species, such as pinnipeds, sharks, and cetaceans, added to the results of previously developed isotopic analyzes, inaugurates a panorama that differs from other studies of fauna in coastal sites developed until then, in which fish are protein sources predominant in the diet of pre-ceramic and ceramic populations. These marine animals of high trophic chain, in addition to fish, birds and sea turtles, demonstrate a continuity and intensification of the fishing practices developed by sambaquis people, in an adaptation for the capture of resources near the rocky coast and the open sea.