Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaCC_DISSERT.pdf: 803401 bytes, checksum: 53c69a283d13c77927ec0912b1db2bc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Several studies on nonhuman primates show that the relationships between individuals strongly influence the expression of cooperative behavior, both in natural environment and in captivity settings. Recent studies suggest that cooperative breeders present outstanding performance in tasks involving social cognition, such as cooperative tasks with experimental apparatuses. In experimental research on this subject it is crucial to differentiate between real cooperation (or communicative cooperation, mediated by social attention) and by-product cooperation that results from simultaneous actions of individuals. The present study assessed, in Callithrix jacchus, a cooperative breeder species, if social relationships and social attention between subjects are important factors during performance in cooperative tasks. During the experimental procedure the animals participated in three different cooperative tasks: cooperation task, prosocial task and control task. Diverging from the literature, matrix correlation tests revealed no significant relationship between grooming or proximity and the execution of the tasks, suggesting that other factors such as age or hierarchy may have an effect on the performance in cooperative tasks in this species. There was also no relationship between the execution of the cooperative tasks and social glances, suggesting that there was no social attention during the tasks. Moreover, there were lower rates of social glances in the cooperative tasks as opposed to the control tasks. However, the small number of pulls in prosocial tasks suggests that the animals distinguished between tasks that benefited only a partner and tasks that generated benefits to themselves, choosing the latter. We conclude that, for the tasks presented in this study, we could neither detect the role of social relationships on the cooperative tasks nor assert that there were true cooperation and prosocial behavior / Diversos estudos com primatas n?o humanos mostram que as rela??es entre os indiv?duos t?m forte influ?ncia sobre a express?o de comportamentos cooperativos tanto em ambiente natural como em cativeiro. Trabalhos recentes sugerem que esp?cies com cuidado cooperativo de infantes t?m desempenho destacado em testes que envolvem cogni??o social, como testes cooperativos que utilizam aparatos experimentais. Nas pesquisas experimentais sobre o tema ? fundamental distinguir a coopera??o verdadeira (ou comunicativa, mediada por aten??o) da coopera??o que ocorre como subproduto de atividades coincidentes. O presente trabalho avaliou em Callithrix jacchus, uma esp?cie com cuidado cooperativo da prole, se as rela??es sociais e a aten??o social entre os indiv?duos s?o importantes elementos durante a realiza??o de tarefas cooperativas. No procedimento experimental, os animais participaram de tr?s tarefas cooperativas diferentes: teste de coopera??o, teste de prosocialidade e controle. Diferente do descrito na literatura, os testes de correla??o de matrizes n?o revelaram correla??o significante entre rela??es afiliativas de cata??o e proximidade e a execu??o das tarefas, e sugere-se que outros fatores podem influenciar a ocorr?ncia das mesmas, como a idade ou a hierarquia. Tamb?m n?o foi encontrada rela??o entre a execu??o das tarefas cooperativas e olhares sociais, sugerindo, inicialmente, que n?o houve aten??o social na realiza??o dos testes. Ademais, menores taxas de olhares sociais ocorreram no teste de coopera??o em rela??o ao controle. Entretanto, o reduzido n?mero de puxadas por indiv?duo no teste de prosocialidade, apontou para a possibilidade dos indiv?duos terem percebido a diferen?a entre tarefas que beneficiam somente um parceiro e tarefas que geram benef?cio pr?prio, dando prefer?ncia ? ?ltima. Para as tarefas apresentadas neste trabalho n?o foi poss?vel detectar a influ?ncia das rela??es sociais nas tarefas cooperativas tampouco foi poss?vel afirmar que a coopera??o e o comportamento prosocial s?o verdadeiros