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Alterações neuropsicológicas em dependentes de cocaína / Neuropsychological impairments in cocaine-dependent patientsCunha, Paulo Jannuzzi 20 October 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Embora o uso de cocaína seja um problema significativo de saúde pública, há uma relativa escassez de dados científicos sobre as conseqüências neurocognitivas decorrentes da exposição à substância. OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou a associação entre dependência de cocaína e desempenho cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Uma ampla bateria de testes neuropsicológicos, incluindo o Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Dígitos Diretos e Inversos (WMS-R), Memória Lógica I e II (WMS-R), Reprodução Visual I e II (WMS-R), Teste da Figura Complexa de Rey-Osterrieth (TFCRO), Buschke Selective Reminding Test (BSRT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Desenhos Alternados (Luria), Códigos (WAIS-R), Cubos (WAIS-R), Vocabulário (WAIS-R), Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (BAF) e o Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), foi aplicada a 30 dependentes de cocaína, em abstinência por duas semanas, em tratamento, e em 32 sujeitos controles, não usuários de drogas, pareados por idade, sexo, escolaridade, nível sócio-econômico, lateralidade e QI. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram significação estatística (p<0,05) em testes de atenção, fluência verbal, memória visual, memória verbal, capacidade de aprendizagem, funções executivas, memória operacional, funções viso-motoras e na tomada de decisões. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados mostram evidências de que o abuso de cocaína está associado a déficits cognitivos, semelhantes aos que ocorrem em transtornos cognitivos, possivelmente relacionados a problemas em regiões cerebrais pré-frontais e temporais. O conhecimento dos danos neuropsicológicos específicos pode ser útil no planejamento de programas de prevenção e tratamento mais efetivo para abuso de cocaína / INTRODUCTION: Although cocaine use is a significant public health problem, there is relative paucity of scientific data on long-term neurocognitive consequences of the exposure to the substance. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between cocaine dependence and neuropsychological performance. METHODS: An extended battery of neuropsychological tests, including Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Forward and Backward Digits (WMS-R), Logical Memory I and II (WMS-R), Visual Reproduction I and II (WMS-R), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT), Buschke Selective Reminding Test (BSRT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Alternate Designs (Luria), Symbol-Digit (WAIS-R), Block Design (WAIS-R), Vocabulary (WAIS-R), Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), was administered to 30 abstinent cocaine abusers, inpatients in abstinence for two weeks, and 32 non-drug-using control subjects matched for age, gender, education, socio-economic status, handedness and IQ. RESULTS: The findings showed statistical significance (p<0,05) on differences of performance in attention, verbal fluency, verbal memory, visual memory, learning ability, executive functions, working memory, visuomotor functioning and decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: These results represent evidences that cocaine abuse is associated with decrements in cognitive functioning, similar to cognitive disorders associated to prefrontal and temporal brain impairments. Knowledge of specific cognitive deficits in cocaine abusers may be useful for designing more effective substance abuse prevention and treatment programs
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Alterações neuropsicológicas em dependentes de cocaína / Neuropsychological impairments in cocaine-dependent patientsPaulo Jannuzzi Cunha 20 October 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Embora o uso de cocaína seja um problema significativo de saúde pública, há uma relativa escassez de dados científicos sobre as conseqüências neurocognitivas decorrentes da exposição à substância. OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou a associação entre dependência de cocaína e desempenho cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Uma ampla bateria de testes neuropsicológicos, incluindo o Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Dígitos Diretos e Inversos (WMS-R), Memória Lógica I e II (WMS-R), Reprodução Visual I e II (WMS-R), Teste da Figura Complexa de Rey-Osterrieth (TFCRO), Buschke Selective Reminding Test (BSRT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Desenhos Alternados (Luria), Códigos (WAIS-R), Cubos (WAIS-R), Vocabulário (WAIS-R), Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (BAF) e o Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), foi aplicada a 30 dependentes de cocaína, em abstinência por duas semanas, em tratamento, e em 32 sujeitos controles, não usuários de drogas, pareados por idade, sexo, escolaridade, nível sócio-econômico, lateralidade e QI. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram significação estatística (p<0,05) em testes de atenção, fluência verbal, memória visual, memória verbal, capacidade de aprendizagem, funções executivas, memória operacional, funções viso-motoras e na tomada de decisões. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados mostram evidências de que o abuso de cocaína está associado a déficits cognitivos, semelhantes aos que ocorrem em transtornos cognitivos, possivelmente relacionados a problemas em regiões cerebrais pré-frontais e temporais. O conhecimento dos danos neuropsicológicos específicos pode ser útil no planejamento de programas de prevenção e tratamento mais efetivo para abuso de cocaína / INTRODUCTION: Although cocaine use is a significant public health problem, there is relative paucity of scientific data on long-term neurocognitive consequences of the exposure to the substance. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between cocaine dependence and neuropsychological performance. METHODS: An extended battery of neuropsychological tests, including Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Forward and Backward Digits (WMS-R), Logical Memory I and II (WMS-R), Visual Reproduction I and II (WMS-R), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT), Buschke Selective Reminding Test (BSRT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Alternate Designs (Luria), Symbol-Digit (WAIS-R), Block Design (WAIS-R), Vocabulary (WAIS-R), Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), was administered to 30 abstinent cocaine abusers, inpatients in abstinence for two weeks, and 32 non-drug-using control subjects matched for age, gender, education, socio-economic status, handedness and IQ. RESULTS: The findings showed statistical significance (p<0,05) on differences of performance in attention, verbal fluency, verbal memory, visual memory, learning ability, executive functions, working memory, visuomotor functioning and decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: These results represent evidences that cocaine abuse is associated with decrements in cognitive functioning, similar to cognitive disorders associated to prefrontal and temporal brain impairments. Knowledge of specific cognitive deficits in cocaine abusers may be useful for designing more effective substance abuse prevention and treatment programs
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Response of motor and cognitive speed to increasing doses of methylphenidate in children diagnosed with attention deficithyperactivity disorderPolotskaia, Anna. January 2008 (has links)
This study has examined the effect of 3 doses of Methylphenidate (MPH) on the speed of motor and cognitive performance in children diagnosed with ADHD. Thirty children clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) aged 6-12 years were recruited through the ADHD Clinic and the Severe and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Program at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute. The three doses of MPH were administered according to a double blind randomized cross-over three day trial (0.3; 0.5 0.8 mg/kg/day in a bid schedule). An improvement across all three doses of MPH on motor, cognitive and behavioural measures was observed. The improvement is significant at low doses of MPH and an increase of dose up to 0.8 mg/kg/day does not lead to further improvement of the speed of simple motor task, but might be beneficial to specific cognitive tasks. No deterioration was observed in association with higher doses of MPH.
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Response of motor and cognitive speed to increasing doses of methylphenidate in children diagnosed with attention deficithyperactivity disorderPolotskaia, Anna. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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