Building information modelling (BIM) is not only an authoring tool for architects and engineers, but also an analysis tool for all stakeholders in the supply chain procurement process. Analysis tools such as the code checking of building regulations and environmental simulations that can report on heating loads, daylighting and carbon use will influence the adoption of intelligent modelling faster and further than previously thought. The benefits for clients should not be underestimated either and some are already reaping them where project certainty is to the fore. However, the professional language that architects and engineers espouse is a latent force that can run counter to fostering collaboration. An emerging professional, the Architectural Technologist, can bridge that divide and adopt the adjunct role of manager in the integrated project delivery. The impact of digitalisation on the management role of architectural technology leads to four objectives namely; the practicalities of integrating drawing operations; the practicalities of design processes within the databased controlled programmes; the mapping of the overall process pitted against individual responsibility, data reliability and standard risk and the significant contribution to an understanding of how IMT’s will drive changes within the discipline of Architectural Technology through the next decade. These objectives were then tested to establish whether there was an evolution in the manner in which the design team is structured. They included; how the opportunities for BIM are impacting design strategies, how they are impacting associated management structures and a deeper analysis of the changing role of the architectural technologist as a result of adoption. In conclusion, two streams were identified where one points to the educational set-up where primarily there is an apparent latent talent shortage waiting to be filled. Secondly, to the industry where project certainty will evidently drive the adoption of building information modelling and integrated project delivery as both clients and contractors will require projects to be delivered in BIM formats.

This thesis examines the way a change management entity facilitated a deep and lasting business transformation, undertaken as a major program of projects that were engaged in business process re-engineering, logistics supply change management and formation of joint ventures and forms of alliance. It takes a project management perspective with a strong focus on how the Corridor project achieved change through leadership, co-learning strategies and collaboration. It takes place within the context of a unique historical period of economic transition for Latin America. The research focuses on the Corridor as a single entity using five case studies of different complexity. The Corridor Project developed as a dynamic community of practice with project management office characteristics where a number of projects were born and evolved through their different life cycles as business transformation outcomes. The Corridor could become a model to put into practice in other regions of the world where production and consumption asymmetries are found or where infrastructural asymmetries could call for a Corridor-like project to overcome trade imbalances or increase regional trade - all this leading to a series of business transformation opportunities to let corporations become more competitive by making a strategic use of knowledge sharing and transfer.

Purpose: A central ambition and purpose of the the thesis is to shed light on the social capital within the cluster and how it contributes to the creation of networks, in what turned out to be intertwined relationships between micro-foundations and social structures. Methodology/approach: This research paper used qualitative research methods, more specifically 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted and one mini focus group. The thesis had an abductive approach. Findings: Consistent throughout the process of the thesis, there has been a clear connection between social capital and how this affects and contributes to the creation of networks. The micro-foundations such as trust, network, communication, collaboration, and cooperation are thus intertwined with the social structures of the cluster and its development. Thus, the findings of this paper can be of interest for creating a common understanding and providing key insights to several other clusters. Research Delimitations / limitations: Regarding Delimitations, the researchers did choose to limit the study to ICS. The Narrative review was however not been delimited, as the authors studied other cases in clustering. Regarding limitations, there was a certain level of limited access to the respondents, as the researchers tried to reach out to plenty of members, however, there was a low level of response at first. This did however not affect the outcome. Practical implications: Reviewing the literature has led to the conclusion that there is room for improvement regarding social capital in clusters and its effect on networking. Thus, this paper provides implications for clusters all over the world that struggle with the social capital. Originality: The originality of this paper is that it researched an aspect of clustering that is well under-researched in order to shed light on and provide a comprehensive understanding of the social capital and its effect on networking. Thus, the outcome of this paper provides cluster guidance as to the unique value proposition. / Syfte: Mikrofundamenten och sociala strukturer är sammanflätade, är syftet med avhandlingen att belysa det sociala kapitalet inom klustret och hur det bidrar till att skapa nätverk. Metod/tillvägagångssätt: Denna forskningsartikel använde kvalitativa forskningsmetoder, närmare bestämt genomfördes 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer och en minifokusgrupp. Avhandlingen hade ett abduktivt förhållningssätt. Resultat: Genomgående under examensarbetets gång har det funnits ett tydligt samband mellan socialt kapital och hur detta påverkar och bidrar till att skapa nätverk. Mikrogrunderna som tillit, nätverk, kommunikation, samarbete och samarbete är alltså sammanflätade med klustrets sociala strukturer och dess utveckling. Resultaten av denna artikel kan därför vara av intresse för att skapa en gemensam förståelse och ge viktiga insikter till flera andra kluster. Forskningsavgränsningar/begränsningar: När det gäller avgränsningar valde forskarna att begränsa studien till ICS. Den narrativa recensionen var dock inte avgränsad, eftersom författarna studerade andra fall i klustring. När det gäller begränsningar fanns det en viss nivå av begränsad tillgång till respondenterna, eftersom forskarna försökte nå ut till många medlemmar, dock var det låg respons till en början. Detta påverkade dock inte resultatet. Praktiska implikationer: Genomgång av litteraturen har lett till slutsatsen att det finns utrymme för förbättringar när det gäller socialt kapital i kluster och dess effekt på nätverkande. Sålunda ger detta dokument konsekvenser för kluster över hela världen som kämpar med det sociala kapitalet. Originalitet: Denna artikel syftade till att belysa en mindre forskad aspekt av klustring som ämnade delge en heltäckande förståelse för socialt kapitalet och dess effekt på nätverkande. Resultatet av detta dokument också kan funka som vägledning i linje med frågan och de de valda vinklarna.

La tesi indaga il ruolo specifico agito dalle organizzazioni di terzo settore in reti associative multilivello, dal punto di vista della capacità di generare e valorizzare le relazioni con gli altri membri e con l'ambiente esterno. Per reti multilivello si intendono quegli organismi, a diversi gradi di formalizzazione, che riuniscono al loro interno entità locali, di secondo livello, ed eventualmente di livelli coordinativi superiori, con lo scopo di fornire supporto all'attività dei gruppi affiliati o di coordinarne le risorse materiali e immateriali per il benessere sociale della comunità. Le indagini condotte hanno incluso nel campo di osservazione sia le reti che comprendono esclusivamente organizzazioni di terzo settore le organizzazioni multilivello di terzo settore sia i network di partnership miste con enti pubblici. La dimensione della produttività sociale delle reti è stata letta attraverso la lente del concetto di capitale sociale, inteso come la dotazione, da parte di una rete, di relazioni caratterizzate da codici normativi e prassi di fiducia, reciprocità e collaborazione. I risultati delle tre indagini presentate, di carattere sia quantitativo che qualitativo, mostrano che: a) esiste uno specifico capitale sociale prodotto da organizzazioni multilivello di terzo settore che è in grado di connetterle sia all'interno del network (funzione bonding) che all'esterno (funzione bridging); b) che tale capitale sociale di terzo settore possiede delle sue proprie qualità che lo distinguono dalla relazionalità agita in reti di servizio pubbliche; c) che la relazionalità delle organizzazioni di terzo settore è in grado, in certe condizioni, di svilupparsi verso l'esterno in reti di partnership miste con soggetti del settore pubblico, determinando nuove dinamiche relazionali ed esiti societari peculiari. / The dissertation deals with the specific role played by third sector organizations in multilevel associative networks in terms of capacity to generate and foster relationships with other members and with the outer context. Multilevel associative networks are defined as those entities that gather local agencies, second level and higher coordination level entities with the aim of providing support for the affiliated groups and/or coordinating material and immaterial resources for the benefit of the community. The research field included networks comprising third sector organizations only so-called third sector multilevel organizations as well as plural partnership networks with other public agencies. The social productivity dimension was studied through the lenses of the social capital concept, defined as that specific set of resources possessed by those networks endowed with relationships of trust, reciprocity and collaboration. The results of the three research projects presented, carried out with quantitative and qualitative techniques, show that: a) there is a specific social capital produced by third sector multilevel organizations which connects actors both within the network (bonding function) and with the outer world (bridging function); b) the third sector's social capital presents some distinctive characteristics compared with the relational properties of public service networks; c) third sector organizations are able, under certain circumstances, to develop social capital networks also with public agencies, setting new dynamics and peculiar social outcomes.