Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in Biochemistry." Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-176).

Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'intérêt des peptides collagéniques sanguins dans différentes populations à haut risque de développer une insuffisance cardiaque (patients présentant une obésité abdominale ou en post-infarctus du myocarde) ou déjà symptomatiques (post-infarctus du myocarde). En effet la fibrose myocardique est un élément essentiel de l'évolution péjorative de l'insuffisance cardiaque.Ces travaux ont permis de montrer la pertinence clinique des dosages sanguins des peptides collagéniques tout au long du processus de l'insuffisance cardiaque : du stade asymptomatique aux stades symptomatiques. Nous avons mis en évidence, à travers l'expression des peptides collagéniques que : 1/ des patients asymptomatiques ayant une obésité abdominale présentent un remodelage cardiaque précoce tant structurel que fonctionnel (augmentation de la masse ventriculaire gauche, dysfonction diastolique associée au PIIINP) : R2C2 Study. 2/ le ratio PIIINP/ICTP ≤ 1, mesuré 1 mois après un infarctus, est indépendamment associé à la survenue d'un remodelage ventriculaire gauche à un an et améliore la prédiction de survenue d'évènements cardiovasculaires (décès cardiovasculaires et hospitalisation pour décompensation cardiaque) à 3 ans : REVE-2 study. 3/ les antagonistes des récepteurs aux minéralocorticoïdes (éplérénone), traitement anti-fibrotique par excellence, sont efficaces et sûrs (hyperkaliémie et insuffisance rénale) chez des patients à haut risque de remodelage et de complications: EMPHASIS-HF study. Ce travail doit conduire à la validation dans d'autres populations du rôle prépondérant de la fibrose mais surtout au bénéfice thérapeutique des classes anti-fibrotiques dans l'insuffisance cardiaque. / No abstract available

La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es una enfermedad primaria del miocardio causada por cambios genéticos. La MCH presenta hipertrofia cardíaca, desorganización de los miocitos e incremento de la matriz colágena intersticial que contribuyen al desarrollo de un amplio espectro de anomalías funcionales, incluyendo isquemia miocárdica, disfunción sistólica, insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, arritmias y muerte súbita (MS).Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron:- Comparar los valores de los diferentes biomarcadores (estrés parietal, inflamación, daño endotelial, necrosis, fibrosis y remodelado tisular) entre pacientes con MCH y un grupo control de similares características. - Examinar el comportamiento de las concentraciones de los diferentes biomarcadores clasificando el grupo de pacientes según su capacidad funcional, atendiendo a los grupos de la escala NYHA.- Estudiar la asociación de cada biomarcador a las diferentes variables clínicas, asociación con las características demográficas y con las diferentes pruebas complementarias que estiman la severidad de la enfermedad.El aumento de las concentraciones de NT-proBNP en pacientes con MCH, sugiere la existencia de un aumento en la tensión de la pared del ventrículo y una mayor rigidez de la misma debido al depósito de tejido fibrótico. Se ha observado un marcado daño endotelial, como demuestra una media elevada del FvW en el grupo de pacientes. La presencia de necrosis de cardiomiocitos se corrobora, al resultar significativo un discreto aumento de concentraciones de TnThs en los sujetos con MCH. Entre los péptidos del colágeno estudiados, sólo el ICTP está aumentado en pacientes, sugiriendo que la degradación del colágeno tipo I jugaría un papel importante en el remodelado tisular extracelular que tiene lugar en la MCH. - Se observa una asociación entre los valores séricos de NT-proBNP, FvW, TnThs y GDF-15 con una peor capacidad funcional. Los valores de PCRhs obtenidos, aun encontrando asociación a peor capacidad funcional, sugieren que en la MCH no hay presencia de afección de carácter inflamatorio en su fisiopatología. Como conclusiones destacamos que: NT-proBNP se ha asociado al grado de fibrosis estimado mediante RTG. La concentración de FvW se ha relacionado con obstrucción y taquicardia ventricular no sostenida, no en cambio con el RTG. Sí se asocia el aumento de TnThs a más fibrosis, además de con disfunción sistólica, por lo que dicho incremento podría reflejar una pérdida continua de miocitos debido a un moderado rango de necrosis. Del grupo de péptidos estudiados del metabolismo del colágeno tipo I y III, no se han observado resultados concluyentes que expliquen un desequilibrio entre el remodelado tisular, destrucción y formación de tejido fibrótico miocárdico. / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease caused by genetic changes in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere. HCM provides cardiac hypertrophy, myocyte disarray and increased interstitial collagen matrix, which contribute to the development of a broad spectrum of functional abnormalities, including myocardial ischemia, systolic dysfunction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our aims were:- Compare the values of the different biomarkers (wall stress, inflammation, endothelial damage, necrosis, fibrosis and tissue remodeling) between HCM patients and a control group with similar characteristics.- Examine the behavior of the different biomarkers concentrations, classifying patients according to their functional capacity, attending to the NYHA scale groups. - To study the association of each biomarker to different clinical variables related with demographics and various complementary tests to estimate the severity ofthe disease.Results and conclusions: - Increased concentrations of NT-proBNP, suggest the existence of an increased wall tension and increased ventricular stiffness due to deposition of fibrotic tissue, in HCM patients. A marked endothelial damage has been observed, as evidenced elevated vWF levels in patients. The presence of a cardiomyocyte necrosis is confirmed in the slight but significant increase of hsTnT levels in HCM subjects. Among the studied collagen peptides, only the ICTP was increased in patients, suggesting that type I collagen degradation may play a role in extracellular tissue remodeling that takes place in the HCM. - There is an association between serum levels of NT-proBNP, vWF, hsTnT and GDF-15, with worse functional class. The hsCRP values obtained even were associated with worse functional capacity, not suggested the presence of an inflammatory condition in the HCM pathophysiology. - NT-proBNP was associated with the fibrosis degree estimated by LGE. vWF levels has been linked to obstruction and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, whereas not with the LGE. Higher values of hsTnT was clearly related to an increased fibrosis in addition to systolic dysfunction, therefore this increase may reflect a continuous myocyte loss due to a moderate range of necrosis. In the group of collagen peptides studied of collagen type I and III metabolism, have been inconclusive results that could explain an imbalance between tissue remodeling, destruction and formation of myocardial fibrotic tissue.

Este trabalho investigou, pela primeira vez, a influência do CH na modulação do metabolismo e proliferação de fibroblastos dérmicos humanos (FDHs) derivados de áreas fotoprotegida e fotoexposta, cultivados em modelo de monocamada. Além disto, foram investigados os efeitos da suplementação com CH na secreção de colágeno tipo I, em modelo de cultura 3D de equivalente dérmico, derivado de matriz produzida exclusivamente por FDHs. O tratamento com CH não influenciou a proliferação celular dos fibroblastos derivados de ambas as áreas, porém modulou expressivamente o metabolismo dos FDHs cultivados em monocamada, elevando o conteúdo de pró-colágeno I e colágeno I e diminuindo a atividade de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP) 1 e 2. Concentrações menores de CH foram suficientes para estimular as células de área fotoexposta, sugerindo efeitos mais pronunciados do CH nestas células. Este estudo é uma contribuição importante para compreensão dos efeitos biológicos do CH nas células da pele e viabilidade do seu uso como ingrediente funcional de suplementos alimentares. / This study investigated, for the first time, the influence of CH on the extracellular matrix metabolism and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) derived from sun-protected and sun-exposed body sites, cultured in monolayer in vitro model. Moreover, CH effects on the secretion of type I collagen were investigated in dermal equivalent 3D model derived from dermal matrix produced exclusively by HDFs. CH treatment did not affect cellular proliferation of either cell cultures, but notably modulated cell metabolism in monolayer model, increasing the content of procollagen I and collagen I and decreasing metalloproteinase activity (MMP) 1 and 2. These effects were confirmed in the human dermal equivalent model. Lower concentrations of CH were enough to stimulate sun-exposed-derived HDFs, suggesting more pronounced effect in these cells. This study presents an important contribution to understanding the biological effects of CH in skin cells and viability of its use as a functional ingredient in food supplements.

Este trabalho investigou, pela primeira vez, a influência do CH na modulação do metabolismo e proliferação de fibroblastos dérmicos humanos (FDHs) derivados de áreas fotoprotegida e fotoexposta, cultivados em modelo de monocamada. Além disto, foram investigados os efeitos da suplementação com CH na secreção de colágeno tipo I, em modelo de cultura 3D de equivalente dérmico, derivado de matriz produzida exclusivamente por FDHs. O tratamento com CH não influenciou a proliferação celular dos fibroblastos derivados de ambas as áreas, porém modulou expressivamente o metabolismo dos FDHs cultivados em monocamada, elevando o conteúdo de pró-colágeno I e colágeno I e diminuindo a atividade de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP) 1 e 2. Concentrações menores de CH foram suficientes para estimular as células de área fotoexposta, sugerindo efeitos mais pronunciados do CH nestas células. Este estudo é uma contribuição importante para compreensão dos efeitos biológicos do CH nas células da pele e viabilidade do seu uso como ingrediente funcional de suplementos alimentares. / This study investigated, for the first time, the influence of CH on the extracellular matrix metabolism and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) derived from sun-protected and sun-exposed body sites, cultured in monolayer in vitro model. Moreover, CH effects on the secretion of type I collagen were investigated in dermal equivalent 3D model derived from dermal matrix produced exclusively by HDFs. CH treatment did not affect cellular proliferation of either cell cultures, but notably modulated cell metabolism in monolayer model, increasing the content of procollagen I and collagen I and decreasing metalloproteinase activity (MMP) 1 and 2. These effects were confirmed in the human dermal equivalent model. Lower concentrations of CH were enough to stimulate sun-exposed-derived HDFs, suggesting more pronounced effect in these cells. This study presents an important contribution to understanding the biological effects of CH in skin cells and viability of its use as a functional ingredient in food supplements.