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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Interactions in Collective Fish Swimming / Interactions des poissons en nage collective

Ashraf, Intesaaf 04 April 2018 (has links)
Le banc de poisson est un exemple typique d’auto organisation de groupe. Ce système implique des interactions complexes d’individus dans un milieu fluide et fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches multidisciplinaire théoriques, numériques ou expérimentales.Plusieurs hypothèses ont déjà été formulées pour expliquer la formation de ces bancs: la fuite face à des prédateurs, l’optimisation dans la recherche de nutriments ou encore l’économie d’énergie. Dans la plupart des recherches, les travaux se concentrent sur ce que les poissons devraient faire pour optimiser une tâche plutôt que sur des observations directes. Cela conduit à des différences dans les conclusions issus du travail des physiciens théoriciens ou ingénieurs avec ce qui est observé dans la nature par les biologistes. Dans ce travail, nous apportons, basées sur des observations directes tetra Hemigrammus bleheri, de nouveaux éléments sur les interactions des poissons lors de la nage collective comme le phénomène de burst-and-coast ou la synchronisation des cinématiques entre plus proches voisins. Enfin, nous démontrons que les bancs de Hemigrammus bleheri privilégient la configuration en ligne plutôt que celle en diamant souvent mise en avant dans la littérature / Fish school is the classical example of self-emergent system of collective behavior in animal locomotion, which involves complex interactions between individuals and has drawn fascination of numerous multidisciplinary analytical, numerical and experimental researches. Various reasons have been cited for the formation of fish school such as evading predators, enhancing foraging success or advantage in terms of energy consumption. However, most of the works primary focus on what fish should do in a school instead of what fish really do, leading to discrepancies between the works of theoretical physicists and engineers and what is observed in the nature by biologists. This thesis is an attempt to bridge this gap. In this work, we investigate the swimming dynamics of the red nose tetra fish Hemigrammus bleheri in a controlled experiment. The tetra fish are observed to swim using a burst-and-coast strategy, which could be for the purpose of active flow sensing. We also address the case of red nose tetra fish Hemigrammus bleheri swimming in groups in a uniform flow, giving special attention to the basic interactions and cooperative swimming of a single pair of fish. We first bring evidence of synchronization of the two fish, where the swimming modes are dominated by "out of phase" and "in phase" configurations. At last, we challenge the question of energy benefit by discussing the channeling effect versus the vortex interaction hypothesis (Weihs, Nature 241:290-291, 1973) about diamond shape. We provide the experimental observation that fish prefer inline formation or phalanx formation over the diamond shape while swimming in a school

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