The purpose of this study was to examine the continuum of choral singing from secondary choral organizations to choral organizations at selected higher education institutions in Indiana. Examined were two large state institutions and two private, liberal arts colleges. Two groups of college students who had high school choral experience were surveyed: 1. non-participants, and 2. participants. Participants in choral ensembles made up 1.33% of the total enrollments of the institutions studied. Thirty four percent of the selected students had high school choral experience. Choral ensemble participants' responses to a questionnaire were compared with non-participants' responses. The state institutions' student responses were compared to the liberal arts institutions' student responses.There do not appear to be universal reasons for students to continue or not continue singing in choral ensembles. The reasons appear to vary with the individual student and institution. However, there were trends observed. Students perceived themselves as being well enough prepared to participate in higher education choral ensembles. There is a discrepancy between the expectations of the college conductors and the students' evaluation of their preparedness. Literature appears to be a highly significant factor in the interest of all respondents. Students preferred to sing all types of music. Neither participants nor non-participants reported that classical literature was the focus of their high school choral programs. Participants perceive that the university is interested in them, while non-participants reported negative responses. Private respondents felt that the university was interested in their participation in choral ensembles more than public respondents. Many students decide before arriving on the higher education campus whether or not they will participate in college choral ensembles. The amount of credit given for singing in ensembles or academic loads seem to be a minor factor. It appears that parents do influence choral participation.Private institutions have a larger percentage of their populations participating in choral ensembles than do public institutions. The higher involvement of liberal arts college students in choral ensembles may be explained by the department's need for adequate manpower and the personalized recruiting policies. The personality of the conductor was important to the students surveyed. / School of Music

Two hundred thirty-eight undergraduates from a midwestern university completed the Hazan and Shaver Attachment Instrument to categorize themselves into three attachment styles: secure, insecure anxious/ambivalent, and insecure avoidant. They also completed the Parental Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ), The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales II (The FACES II), the Family Satisfaction Scale, and a Demographic Questionnaire.This study examined the attachment styles of undergraduates and measures of their parental attachments and family dynamics. It was hypothesized that the securely attached subjects would report significantly greater levels on three variables of parental attachment than would insecurely attached subjects. It was also hypothesized that securely attached subjects would report significantly higher levels on three variables of family dynamics than would insecurely attached subjects.Using multivariate analyses of variance designs, both hypotheses were supported. Subjects who were securely attached, when compared to those who were insecurely attached, reported significantly higher levels of parental attachment, in terms of: providing emotional support,fostering autonomy, and in the affective quality of their attachment to parents. Subjects who were securely attached, when compared to subjects who were insecurely attached, also reported significantly higher levels of adaptability, cohesion, and satisfaction in their families of origin.Results were discussed in relation to previous research on attachment styles and the studies of parental relationships and family dynamics in young adults. Methodological limitations were highlighted. Implications of this study and recommendations for future research were provided as well. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This heuristic study of web credibility, considered education as a previously determined demographic to compare the user based data of this study to previous findings in the literature of web credibility and source credibility. By conducting focus groups of college undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty and using grounded theory analysis, 12 categories emerged from the data. These twelve factors were used in developing a process model of web credibility to explain the data in this study. After comparing this data and model to previous findings, several implications and suggestions for future research emerged. The most significant finding was that authority may be highly undervalued in the web credibility literature. Also the data in this study shows that undergraduates reacted much differently in terms of web credibility than did the more educated participants. The data furthermore implies that the disparity between groups hinges more on training in web development than education. / Department of Communication Studies

African-Americans are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States. Previous research has shown that many African-Americans endorsed HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs. However, no previous research has investigated the relationship of these beliefs to attitudes about condom use among African-American college students. This study was designed to determine if there was a relationship between conspiracy beliefs about HIV/AIDS to attitudes about condom use in African-American college students. A convenience sample of 93 African-American college students (aged 18 to 31; 68.8% female) from student based organizations at a Midwestern University participated in the study. A non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design was used. A written self-report, 20-item questionnaire was completed by the participants (Bogart & Thorburn, 2005). From the analysis of the data it was determined that there was no statistical significant correlation between HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs and attitudes toward condom use in this population. Findings suggest that African-American college students are less likely to endorse HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs, thus making HIV prevention programs likely to be more effective with this population. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

This study was designed to examine the effect amount of exercise has on men's self-esteem and body satisfaction. It was hypothesized that there would be a negative relationship between the amount of exercise performed weekly and an individual's self-esteem and a negative relationship between the amount of exercise performed weekly and body satisfaction which were measured by Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction. Data were analyzed by conducting a multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that there was no relationship between the amount of exercise and self-esteem and body satisfaction in college men. Implications of this study for research and practice are discussed. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This study examines attitudes regarding general violence, violence against women, gender roles, and rape myth and how they relate to music preference. Surveys were completed by 321 students from two large introductory sociology classes at a midsize Midwestern university. Data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The results indicate that those who listen to predominantly rap and r&b music are more accepting of general violence and violence against women. Also, findings support the idea that amount of music videos viewed affects views on gender roles. Results show no support for a relationship between attitudes about rape myth and listening to rap and r&b music. / Department of Sociology

A quasi-experimental study was implemented to investigate student achievement, time-on-task, and attitude toward microcomputer instruction in relation to the Meyers-Briggs psychological subgroup types of IN, EN, IS, and ES as they interact simultaneously. A pretest-posttest nonrandomized control-group design study comprised of 52 control group subjects and 39 experimental group subjects was carried out during four separate quarters of instruction in a college introductory genetics course during a unit on Mendelian genetics. The control group was instructed with a conventional lecture, discussion, and laboratory method that was based on identified conceptual blocks that are guided by clearly defined learning objectives. The experimental group was taught using the same conceptual blocks and learning objectives, but this group's instruction emphasized the supplementary use of microcomputers to generate genetic cross data with a software program called CATLAB in place of actual fruit fly crosses. Additionally, the experimental group used a microcomputer tutorial programmed by the investigator from a Mendelian genetic programmed instruction book used regularly in the course. This investigator taught both groups throughout the study of Mendelian genetics.Psychological type equivalency between the two groups was established through the use of computer software called the Selection Ratio Type Table PC program (SRTT). No significant differences were identified between the control and experimental group with respect to the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (Form G) testing either in relation to the sixteen main classes or to their subgroupings.A MANOVA statistical analysis was carried out on the data and was performed to test for significant differences between vectors of means for the three dependent measures of time-on-task, posttest achievement, and attitudes toward the instruction given with microcomputers. There was no significant difference between the two treatments toward the instruction given with regard to time-on-task, achievement, and attitude, when considered simultaneously, F(3,72) = 2.58 and p < .06. Further, when the MBTI subgroups of IN, EN, IS, and ES were considered simultaneously in relation to the three dependent measures as vectors of means, no significant differences toward the instruction given were discovered among the types in the treatment samples, F(9,175) = 1.47 and p < .16. / Department of Biology

There has been a great deal of research concerning the prevalence of date rape that occurs on college campuses around the country. Researchers also have investigated whether or not prevention programs are effective in lowering the incidence of date rape on campuses. While there have been numerous investigations done on prevention programs, few have implemented follow-up measures, and none have investigated if exposing participants to more than one program is more effective than just participating in one program. The purpose of this study was to determine if a prevention program that implements a three-session program is more effective than one that implements a one-session program. In addition, changes in attitudes were measured at four weeks follow-up, to determine if changes are permanent or not.Nine undergraduate counseling psychology classes consisting of 79 males and 156 females were randomly assigned (according to class) to a three-session, onesession, or control group. Each group completed a series of attitude scales at pre-test, post-test, and at four weeks follow-up.Results indicated that males in the three-session group displayed attitude changes in the desired direction at posttest, but rebound effects occurred according to their follow-up scores. Males in the three-session group had even less desirable scores at follow-up than they did at pretest. Males in the one-session group displayed similar trends, but not as severe as their counterparts. Females did not show similar trends, as their attitudes were already more desirable then the males at pre-test. At any time, females had more desirable overall scores than did males. Students who participated in the one-session program indicated that they would be more willing to help prevent date rape (i.e., by volunteering to present prevention programs) than those in the three-session program. Openended questions that addressed what the students liked about the program were asked, as well as what suggestions they had to improve the program. Overall, students in the onesession program reported more satisfaction than those in the three-session program. Limitations as well as suggestions for further research in this area were discussed. Further investigation is needed to examine what kinds of prevention programs will be most beneficial in changing men's attitudes in the desired direction. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This study analyzed three different groups’ perceptions of 21st Century literacy and technology. The three groups were juniors and seniors at two large urban high schools, juniors and seniors in teacher education programs from four mid-west post-secondary schools, and the four deans of education at four post-secondary schools. A mixed methods research design was used including a survey of student groups and interviews of all four deans and representatives of each of the schools. Findings included differences in perceptions of each of the groups as well as differences in access and use of technology. The implications for teacher education and future research in the area of 21st Century literacy are included. / Department of Educational Leadership