Depuis quelques années, l’île colombienne de San Andrés fait beaucoup parler d’elle, particulièrement par rapport aux problèmes démographiques et la position défensive que certains de ses habitants ont adoptée face aux politiques gouvernementales. Leur position de refus contre les politiques du gouvernement central se traduit par des revendications ethniques et culturelles et par un désir d’autonomie qui s’appuie sur la nouvelle Constitution politique de 1991. Cependant, obnubilés par ce conflit politique, les travaux de recherche menés à San Andrés oublient souvent un élément important : les rapports sociaux entre les habitants insulaires. Ce travail prétend apporter un nouveau regard sur l’ethnohistoire, la mémoire et le présent des relations sociales et généalogiques de la société de San Andrés. En partant du point de vue des généalogies et de l’anthropologie de la parenté, son objectif est de comprendre les formes d’organisation sociale, culturelle et religieuse afin d’élucider le rôle et l’importance des unions mixtes et leurs descendants dans la société de San Andrés d’aujourd’hui. / In recent years, much attention has been paid to the Colombian island of San Andrés, focusing primarily on demographic problems and the defensive posture displayed by some of the island’s residents regarding central government policies. This posturing manifests itself through ethnic and cultural identity claims and a desire for political autonomy, which are legitimated by the 1991 Constitution. However, blindsided by the idea of a political conflict, the research done on San Andrés often omits a key aspect of life on the island: the social relationships that link its inhabitants to one another. This research aims to shed a new light on the ethnohistory and memory as well as the social and genealogical relationships that shape San Andrés’s present day society. From a genealogical point of view based in kinship studies and a thorough understanding of this society’s social, cultural and religious organization, this study’s objective is to identify the role and importance of mixed relationships and their descendants on San Andrés’s society today.

2025 / This dissertation explores the mutual influence between gender and sexuality, music-making and sonic practices in the Carnaval de Barranquilla, the Carnaval Gay de Barranquilla, and the feminist collective Raras no tan Raras. I show that heteronormativity, macho attitudes, and homophobia are reified in music-making and sonic practices in Barranquilla and its carnival expressions. Nevertheless, I also argue that music-making and sonic practices can alter how gender and sexuality are experienced. Through ethnographical observations, I show how exclusion and gender roles can be transferred into music and sonic practices and how music and sound have helped women and LGTBIQ+ people in Barranquilla fight against these systems of oppression. In this way, this dissertation studies how gender and sexuality intersect one of the most important genres in the Carnaval de Barranquilla, Cumbia. Carnaval Gay de Barranquilla practitioners dance to cumbia by playing it in stereos or hiring millo ensembles. Contrarily, Raras no tan Raras play and compose their own music despite not being experienced musicians. In these two cases, I suggest that both forms of musicality can serve to reshape gender and sexuality relationality. To understand the interrelationality between music and sound, and gender and sexuality, I analyze three aspects of Barranquilla and its Carnival expressions: the normativities that govern gender and sexuality, the pre-subjective and subjective effects of music and sound, and the spontaneous and ephemeral relationships that emerge during performances. For this reason, the theoretical perspectives that serve to analyze such aspects are homonormativity (a recurring concept that offers some critical lenses to uncover the adaptations with which heteronormativity is perpetuated), music affect theory (the notion that sound and music are affective forces that have pre-subjective effects on people) and the social production of space (space not as a physical void waiting to be filled but as the product of relations between social entities).Ultimately, this dissertation posits that analyzing the interrelationality between gender and sexuality and music and sound offers different insights into how systems of oppression are perpetuated and how they can be challenged.