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Red interior lighting used to preserve dark-adaptation needs to be replaced in military applications by blue/green lighting which is not detectable by 3rd-generation image intensifiers. This study investigated the influence of blue/green as compared to red and white light of equal photopic intensity on subsequent visual acuity , contrast sensitivity and dark-adaptation. Male subjects (n = 90) were assigned to one of 15 treatment conditions (n = 6) as determined by the colour (blue/green, red or white) and intensity (0.1; 0.4; 1.6; 6.4 and 25.6 cd/m²) of the pre-adaptation stimuli. A modified Goldmann/Weekers adaptometer was used to present the preadaptation stimuli, test stimuli and record visual (luminance) thresholds of each subject. Blue/green lighting had the same affect on visual (photopic) acuity and contrast sensitivity as white and red lighting. Blue/green affected visual (absolute) threshold at the start and during the process of dark-adaptation in the same manner as white but not the same as red lighting. White and red lighting did not differ significantly (p < 0.01) at low intensities (mesopic range) but did at the higher intensities (photopic range). After exposure to blue/green and white light, it will take longer to reach the same level of dark-adaptation than after exposure to red. These time differences increase with" increased intensities. The brightness ratio between red and white lights to produce the same dark-adaptation increases with an increase in intensity. At the upper mesopic region the differences between the effects of white and red lighting on subsequent dark-adaptation become irregular due to the inability to accurately equate non-monochromatic lights in the mesopic range.

Much concern has been expressed about the ability of the visual display terminal to provide adequate stimuli for accommodation. As a result it has been hypothesized that an observer may have to continually refocus to maintain accommodation on the display and this contributes to the visual fatigue experienced by VDT users. The increased use of multicolor CRTs in the workplace adds yet another factor, chromatic aberration, to affect the observers' accommodation to information presented on the CRT. Two experiments were run to determine the effect of viewing characters of one chromaticity and purity on a background of another chromaticity or purity or chromaticity and purity. The observer's accommodation response was continuously sampled throughout the presentation of each target/background combination. Mean accommodation response and the standard deviation of the mean accommodation response were then calculated to ascertain the effect the target background combination had on the observers' accommodation response. The observers' were also required to perform a visual performance task for each target/background combination. The data collected indicate that chromatic characters when observed on chromatic background do not provide a strong stimulus for accommodation. Mean changes in the observers accommodation response were all within the depth of field except when characters were viewed on blue backgrounds. The variability in the observers accommodation response was not found to be a good predictor of image quality where only color contrast exists between foreground and surround. Task performance was highly correlated with effective contrast between the target and background as quantified by uniform color space modeling. / Ph. D.

The energy dynamics of creativity are the metaphysical foundations upon which the theory of holistic aesthetics was built. Traditional inquiry into creativity has been concerned with the isolated issues of either the process, technique, product, creator, or environment in which creation occurs. The aesthetics presented herein provide the art educator with an alternate approach and attitude. The absolute presupposition from which the theory develops states that "there is naught but energy, for God is life." The resulting model which incorporates the rationale of the physics of light is designed to illustrate relationships between the creator and the energies of creativity. Educational applications and significance of the model are described in terms of light and color; these practical implications lend themselves to empirical testing.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_jc_me_botfca.pdf: 983177 bytes, checksum: 29e9ff0c4f6bc2a39518df1df313e3b4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.), da família Euforbiaceae, é uma cultura perene, rústica e adaptada à diversas condições edafoclimáticas, com grande potencial para a produção de biodiesel devido a elevada quantidade de óleo presente em sua semente. Entretanto, a desuniformidade no processo de maturação dos frutos é característica desfavorável à produção de pinhão-manso. Estudos sobre aplicação de reguladores de crescimento e outros produtos químicos indutores de florescimento tem mostrado eficiência na uniformização do florescimento em muitas culturas, o que leva à suposição que o mesmo possa ocorrer em pinhão-manso, minimizando custos com colheita. A maturidade fisiológica das sementes é geralmente acompanhada por visíveis mudanças na coloração dos frutos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos fitorreguladores proexadione-Ca e cloreto de chlormequat na formação de flores femininas e masculinas, na quantidade de frutos produzidos por inflorescência e por planta (3 floradas) e na maturidade fisiológica das sementes, em função da coloração dos frutos. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em duas fases distintas. A primeira constituiu-se de ensaio conduzido no campo, onde plantas com dois anos foram pulverizadas com diferentes dosagens de dois fitorreguladores (Proexadione de cálcio e Cloreto de chlormequat) e o desenvolvimento floral e as formações de frutos e a de sementes foram monitorados. Com a maturação e posterior coleta dos frutos foi desenvolvida a segunda etapa do estudo, que constou da avaliação, em laboratório, das sementes coletadas. Os frutos foram caracterizados quanto a sua coloração, comparativamente ao índice do catálogo de cores de Munsell. Para as duas etapas foi utilizado o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Constatou-se que a... / The Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), Euphorbiaceae family, is a rustic perennial crop, adapted to many different soil and climate conditions, with great potential for biodiesel production due to high oil content in its seeds. However, nonuniform fruit maturation is unfavorable caracteristic in Jatropha/Physic nut production. Experiments with growth regulators and other flowering inducing products have positive results on flowering uniformity in many crops, leading to the assumption that it may occur in Jatropha, specific phytoregulators, reducing harvest costs. Physiological maturity of the seeds is usually accompanied by visible changes on fruit coloration. As scientific studies related to flowering and seed technology from Jatropa are scarce, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the phytoregulators proexadione-Ca e chlormequat chloride on male and female flowers formation, amount of fruits produced per inflorescence and per plant (3 flowering/flush), and physiological maturity of the seeds, according to fruit coloration. This study was conducted under two distinct phases. The first one consisted on field trial, where two year old plants were sprayed with different concentrations of two phytoregulators (Calcium Proexadione and Chlormequat Chloride); floral development, fruit and seeds formation were monitored. After ripening and harvest the second phase of this study started, which consisted on the laboratorial evaluation of the collected seeds. Fruits were characterized by their color using the Munsell Color System. For both phases randomized blocks design was used, with four repetitions. The application of Chlormequat Chloride on Jatropha plants increases the amount of feminine flowers and fruits per inflorescence. The dosages of 800 g ha-1 e 750 g ha-1 of phytoregulators Pro-Ca e CCC, respectively... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.), da família Euforbiaceae, é uma cultura perene, rústica e adaptada à diversas condições edafoclimáticas, com grande potencial para a produção de biodiesel devido a elevada quantidade de óleo presente em sua semente. Entretanto, a desuniformidade no processo de maturação dos frutos é característica desfavorável à produção de pinhão-manso. Estudos sobre aplicação de reguladores de crescimento e outros produtos químicos indutores de florescimento tem mostrado eficiência na uniformização do florescimento em muitas culturas, o que leva à suposição que o mesmo possa ocorrer em pinhão-manso, minimizando custos com colheita. A maturidade fisiológica das sementes é geralmente acompanhada por visíveis mudanças na coloração dos frutos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos fitorreguladores proexadione-Ca e cloreto de chlormequat na formação de flores femininas e masculinas, na quantidade de frutos produzidos por inflorescência e por planta (3 floradas) e na maturidade fisiológica das sementes, em função da coloração dos frutos. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em duas fases distintas. A primeira constituiu-se de ensaio conduzido no campo, onde plantas com dois anos foram pulverizadas com diferentes dosagens de dois fitorreguladores (Proexadione de cálcio e Cloreto de chlormequat) e o desenvolvimento floral e as formações de frutos e a de sementes foram monitorados. Com a maturação e posterior coleta dos frutos foi desenvolvida a segunda etapa do estudo, que constou da avaliação, em laboratório, das sementes coletadas. Os frutos foram caracterizados quanto a sua coloração, comparativamente ao índice do catálogo de cores de Munsell. Para as duas etapas foi utilizado o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Constatou-se que a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), Euphorbiaceae family, is a rustic perennial crop, adapted to many different soil and climate conditions, with great potential for biodiesel production due to high oil content in its seeds. However, nonuniform fruit maturation is unfavorable caracteristic in Jatropha/Physic nut production. Experiments with growth regulators and other flowering inducing products have positive results on flowering uniformity in many crops, leading to the assumption that it may occur in Jatropha, specific phytoregulators, reducing harvest costs. Physiological maturity of the seeds is usually accompanied by visible changes on fruit coloration. As scientific studies related to flowering and seed technology from Jatropa are scarce, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the phytoregulators proexadione-Ca e chlormequat chloride on male and female flowers formation, amount of fruits produced per inflorescence and per plant (3 flowering/flush), and physiological maturity of the seeds, according to fruit coloration. This study was conducted under two distinct phases. The first one consisted on field trial, where two year old plants were sprayed with different concentrations of two phytoregulators (Calcium Proexadione and Chlormequat Chloride); floral development, fruit and seeds formation were monitored. After ripening and harvest the second phase of this study started, which consisted on the laboratorial evaluation of the collected seeds. Fruits were characterized by their color using the Munsell Color System. For both phases randomized blocks design was used, with four repetitions. The application of Chlormequat Chloride on Jatropha plants increases the amount of feminine flowers and fruits per inflorescence. The dosages of 800 g ha-1 e 750 g ha-1 of phytoregulators Pro-Ca e CCC, respectively... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Cláudio Cavariani / Coorientador: Elza Alves / Banca: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva / Banca: Leila Martins / Mestre

Este trabalho buscou apresentar uma experiência fotográfica vivenciada pelo autor desta dissertação que fosse conduzida pela teoria da cor. Foi assumido que a fotografia colorida é uma construção dupla, no sentido de que tanto a fotografia como a cor não são neutras. Para embasar esse pressuposto, introduzimos elementos da teoria da fotografia que refutam o automatismo do aparelho fotográfico e trouxemos conceitos da teoria da cor que definem a percepção cromática como um fenômeno que envolve o entendimento dos aspectos físicos, fisiológicos e culturais da cor. Ainda no capítulo da cor, apresentamos a harmonia cromática e sua principal ferramenta, os esquemas de combinações de cores. Tais esquemas conduziram a realização de um conjunto de fotografias do qual foram selecionadas quinze imagens para compor esta dissertação. Finalmente, tecemos comentários sobre a presença da cor em sete das quinze fotografias realizadas para esta pesquisa. / This study aimed to provide a photographic essay experienced by the author of this dissertation and driven by the theory of color. It was assumed that the color photograph is a double construction in the sense that both the photo and color are not neutral. To support this assumption, we introduced elements of the theory of photography that refute the automatic photographic apparatus and brought concepts of color theory that define the color perception as a phenomenon that involves understanding the physical, physiological and cultural features of color. In the chapter on color, we stil present the chromatic harmony, and its main tool, the schemes of color combinations. Such schemes have led to collect a set of photographs which were selected fifteen images to compose this dissertation. Finally, we comment on the presence of color in seven of fifteen photographs takenfor this research.

Este trabalho buscou apresentar uma experiência fotográfica vivenciada pelo autor desta dissertação que fosse conduzida pela teoria da cor. Foi assumido que a fotografia colorida é uma construção dupla, no sentido de que tanto a fotografia como a cor não são neutras. Para embasar esse pressuposto, introduzimos elementos da teoria da fotografia que refutam o automatismo do aparelho fotográfico e trouxemos conceitos da teoria da cor que definem a percepção cromática como um fenômeno que envolve o entendimento dos aspectos físicos, fisiológicos e culturais da cor. Ainda no capítulo da cor, apresentamos a harmonia cromática e sua principal ferramenta, os esquemas de combinações de cores. Tais esquemas conduziram a realização de um conjunto de fotografias do qual foram selecionadas quinze imagens para compor esta dissertação. Finalmente, tecemos comentários sobre a presença da cor em sete das quinze fotografias realizadas para esta pesquisa. / This study aimed to provide a photographic essay experienced by the author of this dissertation and driven by the theory of color. It was assumed that the color photograph is a double construction in the sense that both the photo and color are not neutral. To support this assumption, we introduced elements of the theory of photography that refute the automatic photographic apparatus and brought concepts of color theory that define the color perception as a phenomenon that involves understanding the physical, physiological and cultural features of color. In the chapter on color, we stil present the chromatic harmony, and its main tool, the schemes of color combinations. Such schemes have led to collect a set of photographs which were selected fifteen images to compose this dissertation. Finally, we comment on the presence of color in seven of fifteen photographs takenfor this research.