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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito antioxidante do Ãcido anacÃrdico na estabilidade da gema de ovo in natura e desidratada, e da carne e mortadela de frango / Antioxidant effect of anacardic acid on the storage stability of fresh and spray dried yolks, of chicken meat and bologna-type chicken mortadella

VirgÃnia Kelly GonÃalves Abreu 15 April 2013 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante do Ãcido anacÃrdico (AA), sobre a estabilidade da gema de ovo in natura e desidratada e da carne e mortadela de frango. No experimento 1, adicionou-se o AA Ãs gemas antes do processo de desidrataÃÃo e de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: sem adiÃÃo de antioxidante, com adiÃÃo de 100 ppm de BHT e com adiÃÃo de 50, 100, 150 ou 200 ppm de AA. As gemas foram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente por 180 dias. No experimento 2, as mortadelas foram adicionadas de antioxidantes no momento da formulaÃÃo de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: sem adiÃÃo de antioxidante; com adiÃÃo de 100 ppm de BHT e com adiÃÃo de 50, 100, 150 ou 200 ppm de AA. As mortadelas foram armazenadas sob refrigeraÃÃo por 90 dias. No experimento 3, o lÃquido da castanha de caju (LCC) foi adicionado à alimentaÃÃo das poedeiras como fonte de AA. As aves foram alimentadas de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: raÃÃo sem adiÃÃo de antioxidante e raÃÃes com adiÃÃo de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 ou 1,00% de LCC. Os ovos frescos foram armazenados sob refrigeraÃÃo por 60 dias. No experimento 4, o anacardato de cÃlcio (AC) foi adicionado à alimentaÃÃo de frangos de corte como fonte de AA. As aves foram alimentadas de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: raÃÃo sem adiÃÃo de antioxidante e raÃÃes com adiÃÃo de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 ou 1,00% de AC. Os peitos de frango foram armazenados sob congelamento por 90 dias. Durante os perÃodos de armazenamento realizaram-se as anÃlises de oxidaÃÃo lipÃdica (TBARS), atividade de Ãgua e cor (L*, a* e b*) das gemas desidratadas, das gemas frescas, da mortadela e da carne de frango. Os valores de TBARS das gemas desidratadas que continham 150 e 200 ppm de AA apresentaram comportamento quadrÃtico ao longo do armazenamento, atingindo valor mÃximo (aproximadamente 100 dias) e diminuindo em seguida. Para a dose de 150 e 200 ppm, os valores de TBARS foram menores que os obtidos para as gemas sem adiÃÃo de antioxidante com 0, 90, 135 e 180 dias. Para o componente b*, houve reduÃÃo com a estocagem. As gemas adicionadas de AA tiveram maiores valores de b* do que Ãquelas dos tratamentos controle e contendo BHT. Para as mortadelas, a adiÃÃo de 150 ou 200 ppm de AA, resultou em menores valores de TBARS quando comparados aos dos tratamentos controle e contendo BHT. Para o componente a*, houve reduÃÃo com a estocagem, sendo que as mortadelas formuladas com 200 ppm de AA apresentaram os valores mais baixos em comparaÃÃo aos demais tratamentos. Para os ovos frescos, os valores de TBARS das gemas apresentaram efeito quadrÃtico ao longo do armazenamento, atingindo valor mÃximo (aproximadamente 38 dias) e diminuindo em seguida. As gemas das aves alimentadas com 0,50 e 0,75% de LCC apresentaram os menores valores de TBARS. Para o componente b*, houve aumento com o tempo de estocagem. As gemas das aves alimentadas com raÃÃo contendo 0,25% de LCC apresentaram menores valores de b* em comparaÃÃo aos dos demais tratamentos. Para a carne de peito dos frangos, os valores de TBARS das aves alimentadas sem adiÃÃo de antioxidante, com 0,25 e 1,00% de AC aumentaram com a estocagem. Para os frangos alimentados com 0,50% de AC, observou-se efeito quadrÃtico do tempo e, os valores de TBARS da carne diminuÃram atingindo valor mÃnimo (aproximadamente 50 dias) e aumentando em seguida. Os nÃveis de 0,75 e 1,00% proporcionaram menores valores de TBARS que o tratamento sem antioxidante ao longo do armazenamento. Para o componente a* houve aumento com a estocagem. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o Ãcido anacÃrdico à um potencial antioxidante natural podendo ser incluÃdo diretamente em gemas destinadas à desidrataÃÃo ou em mortadelas de frango antes do cozimento, bem como na alimentaÃÃo das aves para ajudar no controle da oxidaÃÃo lipÃdica dos ovos in natura ou da carne de frango. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of anacardic acid (AA), on the storage stability of fresh and spray dried yolks, of chicken meat and bologna-type chicken mortadella. In experiment 1, AA was added just before yolk spray drying according to the following treatments: no added antioxidant, addition of 100 ppm BHT and addition of 50, 100, 150 or 200 ppm AA. After drying, yolks were stored at room temperature for 180 days. In experiment 2, chicken mortadellas were added of antioxidants at the moment formulation according to the following treatments: no added antioxidant, addition of 100 ppm BHT and addition of 50, 100, 150 or 200 ppm AA. The products were stored under refrigeration for 90 days. In experiment 3, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was added to the laying hen diets as a source of AA. Birds were fed according to the following treatments: diet without antioxidant and diets containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% CNSL. Fresh eggs were stored under refrigeration for 60 days. In experiment 4, calcium anacardate (CA) was added to the broilers diets as a source of AA. Birds were fed according to the following treatments: diet without antioxidant and diets containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% CA. Broiler breast meats were frozen stored for 90 days. During the storage, fresh and spray dried yolks, broiler meat and chicken mortadella were analyzed for lipid oxidation (TBARS), water activity and color (L*, a* and b*). TBARS values of spray dried yolks added of 150 and 200 ppm of AA had a quadratic effect with storage time, reaching a maximum value (100 days) and then decreasing. According to the results, at 0, 90, 135 and 180 days, the 150 and 200 ppm AA concentrations were more effective in retarding lipid oxidation in spray dried yolks. The color component b* of the yolks decreased with storage. Yolks added of AA had higher color component b* values than those of the control and the BHT containing treatments. Chicken mortadellas containing 150 and 200 ppm of AA had lower TBARS values compared to those of the control and BHT treatments. The values of color component a* decreased with storage. Chicken mortadellas containing 200 ppm of AA had lower a* values than those from the other treatments. For fresh eggs, TBARS values had quadratic effect with storage time, reaching a maximum value (38 days) and then decreasing. Yolks from laying hens fed with diets containing 0.50 and 0.75% CNSL had lower TBARS values than those from the other treatments. Color component b* increased with storage time. Yolks from laying hens fed diets containing 0.25% CNSL had lower values of color component b* than those from the others treatments. For broiler breast meats, TBARS values for breast meats from broilers fed without antioxidant or with 0.25 and 1.00% CA increased with storage time. Storage time also had a quadratic effect on broiler breast meats from birds fed 0.50% CA, reaching a minimum value (50 days) and then increasing. The 0.75 and 1.00% levels of CA provided lower meat TBARS values than that without antioxidant throughout the storage time. Color component a* values increased with storage time. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that anacardic acid is a potential natural antioxidant that could be included directly in the yolks to be spray dried or in chicken mortadella formulations before cooking, as well as, in poultry diets, as CNSL or CA to delay lipid oxidation of fresh egg yolks or broiler meat, respectively.

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