La néophobie et la sélectivité alimentaire des jeunes enfants ont des conséquences préoccupantes sur la santé notamment parce qu’elles concernent les fruits et les légumes. Il est donc essentiel de promouvoir l’adoption de comportements alimentaires sains chez le jeune enfant. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de la thèse était de développer un questionnaire pour mesurer efficacement la néophobie et la sélectivité alimentaire chez les enfants français dès l'âge de 2 ans. Le questionnaire développé dans cette thèse est un outil efficace pour étudier les rejets chez cette population. Le deuxième objectif était de mieux définir le concept de sélectivité alimentaire et d’étudier la relation entre néophobie et sélectivité. Les résultats ont montré que la néophobie et la sélectivité capturent un même type de peur pour les aliments nouveaux et potentiellement toxiques. Le troisième objectif était d'étudier directement la relation entre le développement de la catégorisation des aliments chez les jeunes enfants et leur niveau de néophobie et sélectivité alimentaire. Les résultats ont montré des liens négatifs entre développement cognitif et rejets alimentaires. L'acceptation des aliments dépend probablement de la maturité du système de catégorisation alimentaire. Enfin, le quatrième objectif était de concevoir une intervention, en exploitant les données empiriques sur la relation entre développement cognitif et rejets alimentaires, afin d'influencer positivement ces derniers chez les enfants. Les résultats montrent que l'exposition visuelle est efficace pour diminuer les comportements de rejets alimentaires. / Food neophobia and pickiness in young children are two strong barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms underpinning these two kinds of food rejections to promote the adoption of healthy eating behaviors among preschoolers. In this context, the first objective of the thesis was to develop a hetero-assessment scale to measure efficiently food neophobia and pickiness for French children as young as 2 years of age. The scale developed represents an efficient tool for studying food rejection dispositions in this young population. The second objective was to clarify the concept of pickiness and to provide an insight into the relationship between food neophobia and pickiness. The results revealed that food neophobia and pickiness capture a same kind of fear for new and potentially toxic food. The third objective was to directly investigate the relationship between food categorization development in young children and their food neophobia and pickiness. The thesis is one of the first studies to investigate directly this relationship.This investigation revealed negative connections between cognitive development and food rejection dispositions. Food acceptance probably depends on the maturity of the food categorization system. Finally, the fourth objective was to design an intervention, exploiting the empirical evidence on the relationship between food categorization and food rejections, to positively influence children food rejections. The results add to the promising body of evidence that visual exposure is effective to decrease food rejection behaviors.

[pt] A cor é inerente à experiência visual humana, sendo um atributo importante do projeto do ambiente construído nos Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde (EAS). Nos EAS a cor tem usos diversificados. Sob o viés funcional os códigos da linguagem cromática conformam a cor-informação com o sentido de auxiliar no desempenho do espaço. Ao tratar da orientação espacial do usuário, essa abordagem é pelo wayfinding, para o uso da cor-informação nos sistemas informacionais do ambiente construído – arquitetura, objetos e mensagens adicionais. Esses sistemas são pertinentes aos campos da Arquitetura, do Design de Interiores e do Design Gráfico. A partir do entendimento de que o potencial informacional da cor é condicionado pelas relações de diversas variáveis pertinentes ao seu contexto, esse estudo desenvolveu o modelo do Projeto Cromático para os Sistemas Informacionais (PCSI). O PCSI é uma proposta de encaminhamento de projeto que contempla as interações de aspectos fundamentais acerca da cor-informação no ambiente construído. Desenvolveram-se dois estudos de caso nos quais foram verificadas as questões apontadas no PCSI. Os dados mostram que a eficiência da cor-informação nos deslocamentos do usuário em EAS implica uma condição que envolve o atendimento dos seguintes aspectos: a ação interdisciplinar entre os projetistas ao longo dos processos dos projetos que envolvem o uso da cor no ambiente, o aporte teórico acerca dos fundamentos da cor, cor-informação, wayfinding e Ergonomia, integração da cor-informação aos sistemas informacionais e esses às necessidades do usuário real, aquele que irá interagir com o ambiente. / [en] Color is inherent in the human visual experience and is therefore an important attribute in designing a built environment for Health Care Facilities (EAS). In this environment, color has varied uses. From a functional viewpoint, chromatic language codes conform with the color-information so as to assist in the performance of space. In dealing with the user s spatial orientation this approach is for wayfinding, for the use of color-information in the information systems of the built environment - architecture, objects and additional messages. These systems are relevant to projects in the fields of Architecture, Interior Design and Graphic Design. Based on the understanding that the informational potential of color is conditioned to the relation of several variables relevant to their context, this study developed the Chromatic Design model for Information Systems (PCSI). The PCSI is a project-forwarding proposal that includes the interactions of fundamental aspects of color-information in the built environment. Two case studies were developed in which the issues raised in the PCSI were checked. Data show that color-information efficiency in a user s movement through an EAS implies a condition that involves satisfying the following aspects: an interdisciplinary action between designers throughout the processes of the projects involving the use of color in the environment, the theoretical contribution of color basics, color-information, wayfinding and Ergonomics, integrating color-information to information systems and integrating these to the needs of the real user who will be interacting with the environment.

Detection of objects based on color is not commonly used method of computer vision. There are many methods thats deals with the detection of significant points, but the color information has been omitted. The goal of this thesis is to design method of the detection significant color image areas and these areas match up with areas detected in another image. I analyzed features of detectors required to identify the reciprocal correspondence of images, defined the color significance concept, described basic color models and their properties, and a design of statistically compiled data - based method was described. Algorithms for the detection of color use color models RGB and HSV. Correspondence of areas detected in different images is performedy Kohonen neural network. The first input vector can teach Kohonen neural network and the second vector is classified by this network. To remove erroneous classifications RANSAC method is used. As a result, the method can be used for basic and rapid determination of correspondence between images, or to speed up commonly used methods for detection of significant points. At the end of the thesis are presented programs, showing functionality and options of design methods. The designed algorithms have been developed in MATLAB.