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Chemical features of the Columbia River plume off OregonCissell, Milton Charles 18 April 1969 (has links)
An intensive chemical investigation, that includes the
determinations of salinity, oxygen, nutrients, pH, alkalinity, and
total carbon dioxide of the Columbia River plume off the Oregon
coast in July 1967 shows the following unique features:
1. Along the axis of the river plume both the salinity minimum and
temperature maximum occur. The location of these extrema at zero,
ten, twenty meters depths differ considerably, suggesting different
patterns of water flow at different depths.
2. Throughout the plume region, at salinities less than 32.5%, the
plume water is supersaturated with respect to dissolved oxygen,
and a subsurface oxygen maximum exists at the depths of 3.0-50
meters.
3. The relationship between apparent oxygen production by marine
organisms and nutrient concentrations shows biological production of dissolved oxygen is a definite cause for the oxygen supersaturation
in the plume region.
4. The plume area off Oregon is a source of oxygen transfer from
the ocean into the atmosphere. / Graduation date: 1969
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Physical parameters as tracers of Columbia River waterEvans, Richard H. 03 November 1971 (has links)
Hydrographic and bathythermograph data taken off the Oregon
coast during a two week period in August of 1969 were analyzed to
determine if heat content and mixed layer depth may be used as
indicators of Columbia River plume water.
Heat content was found to be a poor indicator of plume water
because of large additions of heat to the plume as the waters flowed
southward and because the layer over which heat content was integrated
(0 to 20 meters) was inconsistent with the depth of the plume.
High variability among observations made analysis of mixed layer
depth difficult and reduced its utility as an indicator of plume waters.
Hydrographic sections taken during the summer months off
Oregon from 1960 through 1969 were also examined. The axis of
the Columbia River plume was located in 70 instances. The salinity
axis was found to lie inshore of the temperature axis by a mean
distance of 8.5 nautical miles. This displacement increased downstream
and was most pronounced in July and August. A simple
model showed the displacement to be the result of a large temperature
gradient across the nearshore portion of the plume pynocline. / Graduation date: 1972
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Prediction of hazardous Columbia River bar conditionsEnfield, David B. 25 May 1973 (has links)
In this study methods were developed for the prediction of wave
conditions that are hazardous to navigation at river entrances, with
emphasis on applicability to the Columbia River. There are two basic
components to the prediction system: (1) a semi-automated spectral
method for forecasting the significant height and average period of
waves in deep water, and (2) an index of navigation hazard at river
entrances that depends on the significant height and average period in
deep water and on the mean current and water depth at the entrance.
The computerized, deep water forecast method is a hybrid scheme
that combines the spectral principles of the Pierson-Neumann-James
method with the graphical input techniques of Wilson and the fetch
limited spectrum of Liu. The significant heights generated by the
method are well verified by winter wave measurements at Newport,
Oregon.
The hazard index is based on the probability of wave-breaking in
water of arbitrary depth and current. The breaking probability is
derived under the assumption that wave heights and squared periods are
statistically independent and distributed according to a Rayleigh
probability density function. The breaking-wave probability and the
hazard index depend on the wave steepness in deep slack water and on
the depth (relative to the wave period squared) and current (relative
to the period) at the river entrance. The dependence on depth and
current is achieved in two ways: (1) the limiting steepness (breaking
index) k found as a function of relative depth and relative current,
and (2) the wave spectrum in water of arbitrary depth and current is
found by transformation of the spectrum in deep slack water. The
transformation is performed by requiring that the rate of wave energy
propagation remain constant. The hazard index is closely related to
the probability of breaking swell. At water depths that are typical
of river entrances, the hazard index depends strongly on the significant
wave height, mean current and depth, but only weakly on the mean wave
period (since the breaking height of swell at such depths is only weakly
dependent on period).
Hindcasts of deep water significant wave heights and hazard indices
compared reasonably well with measured heights and Columbia River bar
closure periods. Forecasts based on accurate prognostic weather charts
should provide similar results. / Graduation date: 1974
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Chromium-51 in the Columbia River and adjacent Pacific OceanCutshall, N. H. 15 December 1966 (has links)
Radioactive chromium-51, a waste byproduct from operation
of nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, has been followed down
the Columbia River and into the Pacific Ocean. Chemical factors
influencing the partitioning of ⁵¹Cr between solution and sediment
have been considered.
Chromium-5l, in a hexavalent oxyanion when introduced into the
Columbia River, largely remains in solution in a hexavalent anion
during its passage through the lower river and after its entrance
into the Pacific Ocean.
A minor fraction of Hanford-induced ⁵¹Cr becomes attached
to suspended particles and bottom sediments. Reduction of Cr(VI)
to Cr(III) apparently precedes or accompanies sorption. Iron oxides
appear to be the most important sorption substrate. Sediment
organic matter acts both as a reducing agent, making ⁵¹Cr less
soluble, and as a sorption substrate. Ion exchange on sediment
particles is not important in retention of ⁵¹Cr by Columbia River
sediment.
Chromium-51 is a sensitive and unique tracer for Columbia
River water at sea and has been used to trace the Columbia River
plume up to 525 km away from the mouth of the river.
Dispersion of ⁵¹Cr by the Columbia River system would be
adversely affected by: 1) lowered pH; 2) presence of particulate
organic wastes; 3) increased temperature; 4) increased biological
oxygen demand. These factors would increase the rate of uptake of
⁵¹Cr by sediments and thus increase the steady-state inventory of
⁵¹Cr on the bottom of the river. / Graduation date: 1967
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The Columbia River as a source of marine light scattering particlesPak, Hasong 14 July 1969 (has links)
The Columbia River plume region was investigated during the
period of 20 June to 3 July, 1968 by light scattering measurements
and standard hydrographic station observations. The Columbia
River plume was traced by the light scattering particles of the plume
water. The light scattering particles are estimated to be contained
in the plume water for 30 to 50 days. On the basis of the data taken
in the Columbia River plume region, a conceptual model is made to
describe the flow of river originated particles to the ocean water.
In the distribution of the light scattering particles a northward deep
current under the plume near the river mouth and a subsurface offshore
flow near the bottom of the Columbia River plume are
shown. / Graduation date: 1970
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Antimony-124 in the lower Columbia RiverPope, Stephen Van Wyck 28 July 1969 (has links)
Graduation date: 1970
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Dispersion of the Columbia River plume based on radioactivity measurements /Frederick, Lawrence Churchill. January 1967 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1967. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-109). Also available online.
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The Columbia Basin project, Washington : concept and reality, lessons for public policy /Weinkauf, Ronald A. January 1974 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1974. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.
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The effects of Columbia River stage fluctuations on ground-water levels near Richland, WashingtonCuddy, Alan Stuart, January 1988 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-185).
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Population studies of desert redband trout /Schill, Daniel J. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D., Natural Resources)--University of Idaho, 2009. / Major professor: George LaBar. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.
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