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Orientador: Eduardo Strachman / Banca: Sérgio Queiroz / Banca: Rogério Gomes / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a história e faz uma avaliação da indústria internacional e brasileira de carros de combate, discorrendo também sobre a trajetória da maior empresa brasileira do segmento, a Engesa. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterização geral do setor de defesa e da indústria específica de carros de combate, com o intuito de compreender o modus operandi deste importante setor da indústria de defesa, para posteriormente podermos analisar a história recente desta indústria e suas peculiaridades. Em seguida, apresentou-se, de forma sintética, a história do surgimento da indústria de defesa no Brasil, tendo sempre como pano de fundo o processo de industrialização do país, sobretudo no pós-II Guerra Mundial, até o final do período militar (1964-1985). Os resultados do trabalho levaram às seguintes conclusões: (a) o sucesso mundial da Engesa deveu-se tanto a sua percepção privilegiada para ocupar um novo nicho de mercado como à relação especial existente entre seu presidente e o alto comando do Exército brasileiro; (b) a empresa beneficiou-se da mão-de-obra qualificada formada pelos institutos militares brasileiros; (c) uma combinação de fatores negativos, internos e externos, levou a empresa à falência no inicio da década de 1990; e (d) foi identificado um potencial imenso de negócios dentro de setor, que poderia estar sendo ocupado pela empresa, se esta não tivesse falido, ou por uma sucessora ou concorrente desta. / Abstract: The dissertation presents the history and makes an evaluation of the Brazilian and international combat vehicles industry, disclosing the trajectory of the largest Brazilian company of the sector, Engesa. At first, we made a general characterization of the defense sector, more specifically of the combat vehicles industry, with the objective of understanding the modus operandi of this important sector of the defense industry. Later, we analyze the most recent history of this industry and its peculiarities. In the ensuing chapter, it was presented, in a synthetic way, the history of the beginning of the Brazilian defense industry, always relating the events with the Brazilian industrialization process, mainly after the II World War until the end of the military period (1964-1985). The results of this dissertation lead to the following conclusions: (a) the worldwide success of Engesa was due to its privileged perception to occupy a new market niche as well as to the special relations existing between the corporation president and the high command of the Brazilian Army; (b) the corporation was helped, mostly in its beginning as a producer of armaments, by the qualified labor force formed by the Brazilian Military Institutes; (c) a combination of negative factors, internal and external,, brought the company to bankruptcy in the beginning of the decade of 1990; and (d) it was identified a huge business potential in the sector that could have been occupied by the corporation, if it still existed or by a successor or competitor. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 degliesposti_ehb_me_arafcl.pdf: 531645 bytes, checksum: 2541439e9e8f024dbe82af02eefec19e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta a história e faz uma avaliação da indústria internacional e brasileira de carros de combate, discorrendo também sobre a trajetória da maior empresa brasileira do segmento, a Engesa. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterização geral do setor de defesa e da indústria específica de carros de combate, com o intuito de compreender o modus operandi deste importante setor da indústria de defesa, para posteriormente podermos analisar a história recente desta indústria e suas peculiaridades. Em seguida, apresentou-se, de forma sintética, a história do surgimento da indústria de defesa no Brasil, tendo sempre como pano de fundo o processo de industrialização do país, sobretudo no pós-II Guerra Mundial, até o final do período militar (1964-1985). Os resultados do trabalho levaram às seguintes conclusões: (a) o sucesso mundial da Engesa deveu-se tanto a sua percepção privilegiada para ocupar um novo nicho de mercado como à relação especial existente entre seu presidente e o alto comando do Exército brasileiro; (b) a empresa beneficiou-se da mão-de-obra qualificada formada pelos institutos militares brasileiros; (c) uma combinação de fatores negativos, internos e externos, levou a empresa à falência no inicio da década de 1990; e (d) foi identificado um potencial imenso de negócios dentro de setor, que poderia estar sendo ocupado pela empresa, se esta não tivesse falido, ou por uma sucessora ou concorrente desta. / The dissertation presents the history and makes an evaluation of the Brazilian and international combat vehicles industry, disclosing the trajectory of the largest Brazilian company of the sector, Engesa. At first, we made a general characterization of the defense sector, more specifically of the combat vehicles industry, with the objective of understanding the modus operandi of this important sector of the defense industry. Later, we analyze the most recent history of this industry and its peculiarities. In the ensuing chapter, it was presented, in a synthetic way, the history of the beginning of the Brazilian defense industry, always relating the events with the Brazilian industrialization process, mainly after the II World War until the end of the military period (1964-1985). The results of this dissertation lead to the following conclusions: (a) the worldwide success of Engesa was due to its privileged perception to occupy a new market niche as well as to the special relations existing between the corporation president and the high command of the Brazilian Army; (b) the corporation was helped, mostly in its beginning as a producer of armaments, by the qualified labor force formed by the Brazilian Military Institutes; (c) a combination of negative factors, internal and external,, brought the company to bankruptcy in the beginning of the decade of 1990; and (d) it was identified a huge business potential in the sector that could have been occupied by the corporation, if it still existed or by a successor or competitor.

A lot of habitats have declined or disappeared as the old cultural landscape changed to the modern agricultural landscape of today. Places such as power line corridors, racing tracks, gravel pits and military training sites have become refuges for many species associated with the old cultural landscape. These sites have been exposed to ecological disturbances that create the same type of habitats that were found in the old cultural landscape. The military training sites in Sweden has an impressive diversity of species. Disturbances from the military exercises have created habitats that are important for a wide range of species. The purpose of this thesis is to study some of the ecological disturbances occurring in the military training sites of the Swedish Armed Forces and examine how they affect different types of habitats. The thesis explains through litterateur and field studies the reason to the rich biodiversity often found at military training sites. The training sites and firing ranges of Skövde garrison were used as an example to show how the disturbances affect the environment. The study shows that military exercises (e.g. with combat vehicles) creates habitats that previously existed in the old cultural landscape. Soil damage from combat vehicles benefits insects and creates pools for amphibians. Damages on trees create snags and woody debris which favors a large amount of species. The military exercises also keep an open landscape.

Helt självkörande fordon är inte längre en utopi eller något som man ser på film. Redan idag finns fullt fungerande prototyper och flera tillverkare påstår sig ha fullt självkörande fordon redan on några år. Autonomi bedöms civilt kunna ge upphov till flera resurseffektiviseringar inom vägtransportområdet. En kapacitetsökning av förmågan till förbandstransporter av stridsfordonsförband, samt en ökning av uthållighet, transportförmåga och tillgänglighet är faktorer som Försvarsmaktens perspektivstudie (2018) och Försvarsberedningens rapport, Värnkraft (2019) anser borde prioriteras fram till 2025.  I denna komparativa prediktionsstudie har tre olika alternativ av autonomi jämförts med hjälp av Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), för att analysera vilken grad av autonomi som har störst militär nytta för stridsfordonstransporter. Utgångspunkt för studien har varit utifrån ett scenario där förbandstransport av en mekaniserad bataljon genomförts. Som ingångsvärden för studien har litteraturstudier och intervjuer utifrån tekniken, autonominoch militära kontexten nyttjats. Resultatet indikerar att autonomi har militär nytta vid operativa stridsfordonstransporter genom att den taktiska tillgängligheten, operativa rörligheten och transportkapaciteten ökas. Möjlighet till autonomi minskar transporttiden vilket medger längre tid till förberedelser i insatsområdet för förbandet som transporterades. / Self-driving vehicles are no longer a utopian idea or something that you see in the movies. Today there are already fully functioning prototypes and several manufacturers claim they will have fully self-driving vehicles in just a few years’ time. In the civilian world, this new technology is expected to be capable of generating several resource efficiencies in road transportation. Increased capacity in unit combat vehicle transport capability and an increase in endurance, transportability and availability are factors that the Armed Forces' Perspective Study, as well as the Swedish Ministry of Defence´s study report Värnkraft, considers should be prioritized by 2025. In this comparative study, three different autonomy options have been compared, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to analyse what degree of autonomy has the greatest military utility for combat vehicle transport. The starting point of the study was based on a scenario where the transportation of a mechanized battalion had been carried out. The sources of information ​​for the study were literature studies and interviews based on technology, autonomy and the military context. The results indicate some degree of autonomy has military utility in the long-distance transportation of combat vehicles, by increasing tactical availability, operational mobility and transport capacity. Autonomy reduces transport time, allowing longer preparation time for the transported unit in the combat zone.