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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo teÃrico-experimental de uma caldeira de queimador poroso recÃproco aplicado ao biogÃs / Theoretical and experimental study of reciprocal porous burner applied to biogas

LuÃs Carlos Eduardo Oliveira de Souza 27 March 2009 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A DissertaÃÃo deMestrado trata do desenvolvimento de uma caldeira de vapor nÃo-convencional, onde à empregada a âCombustÃo de FiltraÃÃoâ. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a combustÃo do BiogÃs do lÃquido da casca do coco verde, com respeito à eficiÃncia e emissÃes. A combustÃo à analisada com um modelo numÃrico, estruturado em FORTRAN e PREMIX, adaptado para processos de âCombustÃo em Meios Porososâ. Os resultados de simulaÃÃo sÃo confrontados com dados experimentais, que ressaltam vantagens operacionais em relaÃÃo Ãs caldeiras convencionais, destacando-se elevada eficiÃncia de extraÃÃo de energia e baixos nÃveis de emissÃes de CO e NOx. / The current Dissertation treats the theoretical and experimental studies about a non- conventional saturated steam boiler, in which a com bustion technology is employed, the âFiltration Combustionâ, as basis for conception of its burner construction design. This combustion thermal system was studied by means of a prototype, in laboratory scale, specially developed for this research. It was prop erly instrumented in order to make it possible to monitor as well as the combustion proce ss as the energy extraction in the reaction zone. The objective of this investigation is to verify the effects of the Biogas obtained from the anaerobic digestion of the Green Coconut Skin Liquid (GCSL), on the boiler operation, concerning efficiency and polluta nt emissions, as well as the reaction stability. Biogas combustion is analyzed by numeri cal model simulations, which take in account the mass, energy (gas and solid phases) and species conservation equations. The model is structured with a flexible code in languag e FORTRAN, which includes equilibrium calculation performed through premixed combustion simulation software, the PREMIX, adapted to the combustion process and heat transfer in porous medium. The simulation allows the prediction of the temperature distribution profiles along the burner and the combustion products as function of two main operation parameters, the equivalence ratio and the air-fuel mixture flow vel ocity. Simulation results are compared with measurements in this analysis and some design aspects of the "Porous Burner Boilerâ are discussed, which evidences its operational adva ntages in comparison to the conventional boilers, especially the high energy ex traction efficiency and low carbon and nitrogen oxides emission levels
2

Aquecedor Poroso com Sistema de IgniÃÃo LanÃa-Chama Aplicado ao GÃs Natural e ao BiogÃs / POROUS HEATER WITH FLAMETHROWERS IGNITION SYSTEM APPLIED TO NATURAL GAS AND BIOGAS

Iraldo Belchior Cristino Aguiar 17 August 2010 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A âCombustÃo de FiltraÃÃoâ à uma tecnologia que tem sido empregada no desenvolvimento de aquecedores e caldeiras de alta eficiÃncia e baixa emissÃo de poluentes. No entanto, o processo de igniÃÃo da combustÃo nesses equipamentos, constituÃdos de queimadores porosos volumÃtricos, tem sido ainda uma questÃo nÃo resolvida. Os sistemas convencionais desenvolvidos para esses queimadores apresentam algum inconveniente operacional que prejudica a eficiÃncia de combustÃo. EntÃo, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar um projeto robusto e econÃmico de sistema de igniÃÃo por lanÃa-chamas destinado a queimadores porosos volumÃtricos, em que a CombustÃo de FiltraÃÃo està sendo aplicada como tecnologia de base para desenvolvimento de um novo modelo de aquecedor de Ãgua. Um protÃtipo do aquecedor equipado com o sistema de igniÃÃo foi desenvolvido, em escala de laboratÃrio, realizando-se estudos experimental e teÃrico quanto à queima com gÃs natural e com biogÃs. A anÃlise teÃrica envolve a caracterizaÃÃo do escoamento dos gases ao longo do corpo do sistema de igniÃÃo atravÃs da simulaÃÃo com o software âANSYS-CFXâ, como tambÃm, dos fenÃmenos relacionados à onda de combustÃo propagando-se no queimador do aquecedor, para o qual foi utilizado um modelo numÃrico de simulaÃÃo em FORTRAN. Neste contexto, à utilizado o software PREMIX no cÃlculo de equilÃbrio quÃmico, aplicÃvel à combustÃo prÃ-misturada em um meio poroso, tomando como referÃncia os dois parÃmetros principais de operaÃÃo: a razÃo de equivalÃncia e a velocidade do escoamento da mistura ar-combustÃvel. Como resultado: o sistema de igniÃÃo proposto mostrou-se adequado aos queimadores porosos, provendo estabilidade e facilidade de operaÃÃo, e reduzindo significativamente o tempo necessÃrio ao prÃ-aquecimento do meio poroso. O modelamento do escoamento e da combustÃo serviu de suporte para interpretaÃÃo adequada dos fenÃmenos presentes nos processos. A CombustÃo de FiltraÃÃo possibilitou a operaÃÃo estÃvel do aquecedor em ampla faixa de razÃo de equivalÃncia (de 0.30 a 1). / "Filtration Combustion" is a technology that has been used in the development of heaters and boilers with high efficiency and low pollutant emissions. However, the ignition process of combustion in such equipments, constituted of volumetric porous burners, have been an issue still unresolved. Conventional systems developed for these burners present some operational drawback that affects the combustion efficiency. So, this work aims mainly to present a robust and economical design of flame-thrower ignition system aimed at volumetric porous burners, in which Filtration Combustion is being applied as a basis technology for the developing a new model of water heater. A prototype of the heater equipped with the ignition system has been developed in laboratory scale, carrying out experimental and theoretical studies on the burning natural gas and biogas. The theoretical analysis involves the characterization of gas flow along the body of the ignition system through simulation with the software "ANSYS-CFX," as well as of the phenomena related to the combustion wave propagating itself through the heaterâs burner, for which a numerical simulation in FORTRAN has been used. In this context, a software âPREMIXâ was used in the chemical equilibrium calculation, applicable to premixed combustion in a porous medium, taking as reference the two main parameters of operation: the equivalence ratio and flow velocity of the air-fuel mixture. As a result, the ignition system proposed has been adequate to the porous burner, providing stability and ease of operation, and significantly reducing the time required for preheating the porous medium. The modeling of flow and combustion has served as a support for proper interpretation of the phenomena present in the processes. Filtration Combustion has allowed stable operation of the heater in a wide range of equivalence ratio (from 0.30 to 1).

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