1 Abstract In my diploma thesis I deal with the concept of the Jára Cimrman Theater. Using description and explanation, I examine the influence of mystification, fictional worlds, intertextuality, and special effects of the theater comicality up on its success and unwavering popularity among the audience. For this purpose, I work with audiovisual recordings and the book release of all theater plays by the Jára Cimrman Theater. In terms of theoretical research, I use bibliographic resources, among which are texts, articles, studies and publications by Lubomír Doležel, Umberto Eco and other authors whose works are relevant to the topic of my diploma thesis. In the diploma thesis I present an interpretation of theoretical knowledge, opinions, comments and reflections related to the chosen topic. The topic is a subject of broad professional discourse and is theoretically so complex that this diploma thesis cannot contain all the issues and contexts that apply to it. In this regard, I have tried to outline at least some of them and on their basis to elaborate the theme of this diploma thesis.