The present work is mainly concerned with the commercial relations between the Arab world and India in the 3rd and 4th / 9th and 10th centuries. The thesis consists of an Introduction and five chapters. The introduction contains a brief survey of the historical background to the Arab-Indian trade links In the period prior to the period of the research. lt also includes the reasons for choosing the subject, and the difficulties with which the research was faced. The introduction also contains the methods of the research and a study of the main sources. Chapter One deals with the Arab provinces, the main kingdoms of India, the political situation in the Arab world and India, and its effects on the subject. It also deals with the main economic products in the countries concerned. Moreover, the chapter focuses on the factors which encouraged the Arab-Indian trade. Chapter Two deals with the trade routes (Land and Sea routes), the caravans, ships, the sea ports and the commercial cities in the Arab world and India. Chapter Three deals with the trade procedures between the Arab world and India. It also deals with the taxes levied in ports and some land posts. The chapter ends by giving some details of the prices of of goods in both countries. Chapter Four gives a detailed account of goods exported and imported by both sides, and the real causes behind the export and import of these goods. The chapter also gives an account of how sometimes goods are imported by one side from the other in order to meet the local demands or to be exported in a process of trading nn a world wide scale. Chapter Five deals with a conclusion of what has been discussed earlier, in addition to some cultural aspects which have not been dealt with in the chapters above.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of History

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吳展超. / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 138-144. / 中英文摘要. / Wu Zhanchao. / 論文提要 --- p.3 / 導言 --- p.4 / Chapter 第一章： --- 香港的工業、貿易與經濟發展 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節： --- 香港戰後的工業化 / Chapter 第二節： --- 香港的工業化與貿易 / Chapter 第三節： --- 貿易與香港的經濟發展 / Chapter 第二章： --- 香港貿易發展局的成立 --- p.26 / Chapter 第一節： --- 香港貿易發展局成立的背景 / Chapter 第二節： --- 香港貿易發展局成立的經過 / Chapter 第三節： --- 香港貿易發展局的宗旨、職能及組織 / Chapter 第三章： --- 香港貿易發展局成立初期的貿易 拓展工作 --- p.55 / Chapter 第一節： --- 五、六十年代香港工業的機遇與挑戰 / Chapter 第二節： --- 香港貿易發展局的拓展策略和工作 / Chapter 第四章： --- 七十年代香港工業發展與貿易 拓展的變化 --- p.71 / Chapter 第一節： --- 七十年代香港工業的發展與挑戰 / Chapter 第二節： --- 香港貿易發展局的拓展策略和工作 / Chapter 第五章： --- 八十年代以來的挑戰與應變 --- p.91 / Chapter 第一節： --- 八十年代以來香港經濟轉型與 國際政經情勢的變化 / Chapter 第二節： --- 香港貿易發展局的應變策略與工作 / 結語 --- p.133 / 參考資料 --- p.138 / 附錄 --- p.145

This dissertation begins in 1821, when the Hudson's Bay Company took over the Columbia Department from the North West Company, which since 1813 had exported a single commodity (peltries) from the watersheds of two great rivers (the upper Fraser and lower Columbia) to two markets (London and Canton). This fur trade appeared at first so unpromising that the Hudson's Bay Company considered abandoning the lower Columbia region in 1821. Instead of doing so, between 1821 and 1843, the Hudson's Bay Company consolidated its operations in the Columbia Department through the application of a number of venerable commercial policies of the Canadian fur trade. The company extended its fur trading activities to all the major rivers of the region, from the Taku in the north to the Sacramento in the south. To support this massive trade extension the company developed large-scale provision trades in agricultural produce and salmon on the lower Columbia and Fraser rivers. Environmental and cultural conditions favoured these developments. The company also took advantage of the possibility of seaborne transport to develop markets at Oahu (Hawaii), Yerba Buena (San Francisco), and Sitka. To these places the company exported, on its Pacific fleet of ships, a range of country produce from the west coast, especially lumber and salmon. By 1843 the company had developed a new regional economy based on local commodities and Pacific markets; fur continued to be sent to London on an annual vessel. These new exports, and this new regional economy, depended on Native labour in addition to a permanent non-Native workforce of about 600. The company in several places colonized the Native economy and redirected its produce to foreign markets. In 1843 the trade in fur remained—despite the emergence of profitable new export trades—the company's major source of profit from the Columbia Department. The dissertation ends in 1843 when, fearing the possibility of an unfavourable boundary settlement, the company established Fort Victoria to serve as new departmental headquarters, at the same time inaugurating a considerable northward realignment of company activities on the Pacific. At this new post the fur trade would be a minor activity; company officials intended to develop a wide range of resources on Vancouver Island, all of them involving the hiring of Native workers. Increasingly, with the help of Native labour and trade, the company embarked on policies of resource development and extension of commerce on the coast, while the interior districts produced only fur. Difficulties of transport and distance from market prevented similar developments in the company's districts east of the Rocky Mountains.