This paper aims to propose a discussion about the core elements of bureaucratic- authoritarian state theory of the argentine political scientist Guillermo O'Donnell. Analyzing the economic and political interpretations that permeate their way of thinking and the resulting implications in power relations caused by the economic structuring approach. The historical cases traversed by this kind of rule will be examined, overall, through the concepts and correlations, which allow the direction for the bureaucratic - authoritative forms, likewise the post- strokes standards to allow consideration the dynamic power compared to such types. In particular, comparing disaggregated the standards set in the experiences Brazil and Chile. The nodal axis of this research seeks to reframe the political, economic and institutional trajectory explained the theory of bureaucratic- authoritarian state reflecting on the types of conflicts arising in this type of domination as well as discussing fundamentally the place of common development derived from the economic structure accumulative proposed by the author . / O presente trabalho procura propor uma discussão acerca dos elementos centrais da teoria de Estado burocrático-autoritário do cientista político argentino Guillermo O´Donnell. Analisando as interpretações econômicas e políticas que permeiam sua linha de pensamento e as decorrentes implicâncias nas relações de poder causadas pelo enfoque de estruturação econômica. Os casos históricos atravessados por esta espécie de dominação serão examinados, no global, através dos conceitos e correlações que permitem a direção para as formas burocrático-autoritárias, do mesmo modo, os padrões pós-golpes, que permitem ponderar a dinâmica de poder comparada de tais tipos. Em particular, comparando de forma desagregada os padrões estabelecidos nas experiências de Chile e do Brasil. O eixo nodal da presente pesquisa procura re-significar a trajetória política, econômica e institucional explicitada na teoria do Estado burocrático-autoritário refletindo sobre os tipos de conflitos suscitados neste tipo de dominação assim como discutir, fundamentalmente, o lugar de desenvolvimento comum derivado da estruturação econômica acumulativa proposta pelo autor.

Cette thèse étudie les enjeux et processus de création de lieux intermédiaires (friches culturelles, tiers-lieux) dans le contexte spécifique de la Belgique des années 1970. Dans une situation de revendications sociales, culturelles et artistiques et de luttes urbaines, alors que le pays est en plein chantier institutionnel conséquemment à la première révision de la Constitution, de nouveaux acteurs réclament leur place dans la cité et leur droit à la ville. Les études sur les lieux intermédiaires se multiplient depuis vingt ans en lien avec les enjeux d’aménagement du territoire. L’état de l’art révèle que tandis que les géographes, urbanistes et sociologues investissent des lieux contemporains pour analyser à quelles dynamiques territoriales – et plus spécifiquement urbaines – ils participent, les historiens de l’art et du théâtre rédigent des monographies sur l’invention de ces nouveaux espaces et sur leurs enjeux et effets dans le monde de l’art.En étudiant, à l’aide de fonds d’archives actuellement non traités et de l’histoire orale, trois lieux intermédiaires fondés en Belgique durant les années 1970 – les Halles de Schaerbeek, le Cirque Divers et la Raffinerie du Plan K – cette thèse propose d’articuler ces deux démarches en montrant comment, par l’esthétique, les choix d’aménagement et les modes de sociabilité développés dans ces lieux, ces derniers élaboraient un imaginaire urbain spécifique, participaient à l’expérience de la cité et s’inscrivaient dans le monde de l’art.La mise en place de ces infrastructures constituait une solution spatiale qui devait permettre de développer de nouvelles pratiques artistiques, susciter d’autres rapports à la culture et privilégier des modes festifs de sociabilité dans un contexte culturel peu dynamique. La thèse montre comment la logique Do It Yourself qui animait la création des lieux intermédiaires ainsi que leur manque de moyens structurels rendaient ces derniers particulièrement sensibles à leur environnement (institutionnel, urbain, socio-culturel, artistique) et les ouvraient sur la vie et les besoins de la cité. On observe que les trois lieux résultaient d’une dynamique de coopération et des appropriations des usagers, davantage que d’une logique oppositionnelle. Face au contexte actuel du city marketing et des ambitions de la ville créative qui mobilise les infrastructures et événements culturels à des fins économiques et promotionnelles, la perspective historique de cette thèse vise à réinterroger le statut de ressource que représente le lieu de culture. À partir de l’histoire de ces trois lieux, elle invite à penser les conditions de possibilité de l’infrastructure culturelle comme commun. / This dissertation examines the challenges and creative processes of intermediate places (cultural sites, third-places) in the specific situation of Belgium during the 1970s. In a context of social, cultural and artistic demands and urban conflicts, as the country was undergoing institutional reforms following the first revision of the Constitution, new actors claimed their place in the city and their right to the city.Studies on intermediate places have proliferated over the past twenty years with regard to land use planning issues. A review of the state of the art reveals that while geographers, urban planners and sociologists invested contemporary spaces to analyze the territorial - and more specifically urban - dynamics to which they contribute, art and theater historians produced monographs on the invention of such new spaces and about their significance and effects in the art world.Using unedited archive collections and oral history to study three intermediate places founded in Belgium in the 1970s - the Halles de Schaerbeek, the Cirque Divers and the Raffinerie du Plan K - this research suggests to combine these two approaches by showing how, through aesthetics, design choices and the modes of sociability implemented in these places, they developed a specific urban imaginary, contributed to the experience of the city and entered the art world.The implementation of such infrastructures provided a spatial solution that would enable the development of new artistic practices, encourage other attitudes towards culture and favor celebratory modes of sociability, in a poorly dynamic cultural context. The dissertation shows how the "Do It Yourself" movement that promoted the development of intermediate places as well as their lack of organizational means made them particularly sensitive to their - institutional, urban, socio-cultural, artistic - environment and exposed them to the life and needs of the city. Consequently, it can be stated that the three cultural sites arose from a dynamic of cooperation and appropriation by the users, rather than from an oppositional logic. In light of the current model of city marketing and the aspirations of the creative city, which relies on the use of public infrastructures and cultural events for economic and marketing purposes, the historical approach of this work aims at reexamining the value of cultural places as a resource. Drawing on the history of these three sites, it calls for a reflection on the conditions of possibility of cultural infrastructure as a common.Keywords: intermediate places, requalification, common, development, appropriation, 1970, creative city, celebration, spectacle, urban imaginary, Brussels, Liege, Belgium / Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The pillars on which this study is based (stands) could be compared with the observations of Ejiofor (1981: 4), who says the modern-and-African political models have not been sufficiently discovered, developed, and operated in African states. One thinks that the social and political behaviour of African people are in conflict with the present day political structures and institutions. Political and economic actors fail to harness the knowledge, attitudes, and responses with the indigenous values. Own to these reasons the present political dispensations in Africa are misconceived and ill-adapted to their reality. Hence, the call for detailed study of home-grown African values as a means to redress these imbalances has become inevitable. This study is based on Igbo cultural solidarity as a means to address and achieve rural development in Africa. Meanwhile, this study attempts to re-ignite and re-echo ‘people-based’ and understood ‘home-based’ models of achieving rural development as focused on Okigwe-Owerri-Orlu political divisions among the Igbo of South-eastern Nigeria. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The pillars on which this study is based (stands) could be compared with the observations of Ejiofor (1981: 4), who says the modern-and-African political models have not been sufficiently discovered, developed, and operated in African states. One thinks that the social and political behaviour of African people are in conflict with the present day political structures and institutions. Political and economic actors fail to harness the knowledge, attitudes, and responses with the indigenous values. Own to these reasons the present political dispensations in Africa are misconceived and ill-adapted to their reality. Hence, the call for detailed study of home-grown African values as a means to redress these imbalances has become inevitable. This study is based on Igbo cultural solidarity as a means to address and achieve rural development in Africa. Meanwhile, this study attempts to re-ignite and re-echo ‘people-based’ and understood ‘home-based’ models of achieving rural development as focused on Okigwe-Owerri-Orlu political divisions among the Igbo of South-eastern Nigeria. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)