A variety of programmes of health education are designed, addressing promotion of health of the Libyan community. These programmes employ various communication methods and use different education media. This research is the first to evaluate the national programmes of health education in Libya and to determine future needs. It compares health officials' assessments with those of the general public; providers and users. It also examines the health professionals' perceptions on their role in health education. Five questionnaires are used in this research. The first two questionnaires are designed for the evaluation purpose. The third and fourth questionnaires are to determine future needs. The fifth questionnaire is about health professionals' role in health education. Both of the groups, the officials and the general public, assessed TV as being the most effective health education medium. The general public favoured the 'spots' over regular programmes. Their assessment of the radio effectiveness was much lower. Officials, on the other hand, favoured regular programmes over 'spots', and placed radio's role only slightly lower than the impact of TV. Both of the groups recommended wide use of TV for future health education. Children and youth are considered the main groups to be targeted with respect to most of health issues. School is the most preferred setting to target the children. Youth and sport clubs are recommended in communicating with the youth. Assessment of future priority health issues attracted different responses from the two groups. Health professionals perceive that they are responsible for mediating health education and consider this role as important. However, effectiveness of the existing role of health professionals in health education in Libya is evaluated differently. Main barriers to an effective role are identified and required solutions are suggested. The findings of this research suggest the need for systematic consultation across professional and lay groups as a requisite preliminary for statutory health education/promotion initiatives. These findings also address the need for further work and research in certain areas.

The budget is used in many organizations to estimate and control costs. The budgeting process requires extensive knowledge and information exchange between the budget setters in the organization. It is therefore critical for budget setters, often finance and line managers, to communicate and exchange knowledge to reach a budget for the upcoming period.   The aim of this thesis is to highlight both budgeting and internal communication findings from past research, and develop a model for how internal communication is affected by different factors during the budgeting process. Specifically, we develop an unprecedented model based on previous research and test it through qualitative semi-structured interviews. We then improve and develop the model to provide a theoretical framework for future research on factors affecting internal communication during the budgeting process.   Our empirical study of communication between line managers and finance managers in GE Healthcare in their budgeting process indicates that the factors are intertwined, and that the various factors can affect internal communication during the budgeting process directly and indirectly.  The factors we find to directly affect internal communication are geographical distance, interpersonal relationship, communication method, organizational distance and characteristics of the budgeting process. The indirect factors are characteristics of the participant and time constraint. The study also finds a series of interconnected relationships of both the direct and indirect factors with each other.

The subject of this study is a suggestion and, within the framework of the possibility, a verification of the concept of teaching of Czech endings for foreigners without using samples. The study covers the declinations of nouns, adjectives and personal, demonstrative and possessive pronouns. In the development of our concept, we proceed from the fact that the Czech language, as well as the other Slavonic languages is characterized by significant level of endings' synonymy and homonymy. We use this fact as a reference point and create tables on its basis. The work consists theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is divided into two pieces. The first piece of the theoretical part is devoted to the different approaches to the problem of teaching endings for foreigners on the basic level. In the second piece, we introduce the new concept and explain the use of the tables based on homonymy, which are suggested in the practical part. The practical part is composed entirely of these twenty-five tables, which were created ready for use in teaching.

The study aimed to determine the marketing communication methods used by Namibian clothing and textile SMEs operating from Katutura and Khomasdal Incubation Centres. A quantitative methodological approach was followed in this study. The sample comprised 45 SMEs with business operations at Katutura and Khomasdal Incubation Centres. A simple random sampling method was selected as the researcher made use of an SME name list provided by the City of Windhoek. A structured questionnaire was used to collect research data. Cross tabulations, correlations and descriptive analyses were used to analyse the research results. The research indicated that the top five most regularly used marketing communication methods are direct sales, „word-of-mouth‟, point-of-sale materials, networking, and newspaper advertisement. The least regularly used marketing communication methods are YouTube, television, direct mail, press releases and coupons/vouchers. Networking was the second most important and effective marketing communication method. Trade shows was the third most-preferred marketing communication method and the reasons advanced were „it gives me the opportunity to talk to and interact with my customers‟. It is recommended that the City of Windhoek should create incentives for current SMEs operating from Katutura and Khomasdal Incubation Centre to leave the incubation centre for new upcoming SMEs. Further research is necessary to establish the reasons why SMEs do not grow as expected and graduate from the incubation centres. Further research is also necessary to determine challenges faced by Namibian SMEs when considering which marketing communication methods to use. The conducted research recommends that different media houses be approached to design and determine special marketing packages for SMEs. Special SME development or advert sections can be negotiated with newspaper outlets. The major limitation of this study was that it was confined to clothing and textile manufacturing businesses. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)