This thesis studies the SPACE method by creating building blocks for a Push to Talk (PTT)service in WLAN environment. The structure and behavior of a PTT service is analyzed anddiscussed. We have modeled the behavior of a PTT service with the GUI of the PTT client.As a result, several of building blocks for a PTT service have been proposed. They can bestored in a library for a later reuse. We consider that the SPACE method well suited fordeveloping a PTT service. / Denna avhandling studerar SPACE metoden genom att skapa byggstenar för en PTT-tjänst iWLAN miljö. Struktur och beteende för en PTT-tjänst analyseras och diskuteras. Vi harutformat en model för beteendet av en PTT-tjänst med GUI av PTT klient. Som ett resultathar flera byggstenar för en PTT-tjänst föreslagits. Vi anser att SPACE metoden är väl lämpadför att utveckla ett PTT-tjänst.

In addition to the problems that may occur in the Internet, the people who test mobile internet services confront additional challenges due to the wireless environment. If something goes wrong, it is very problematic for a tester to determine exactly where the error occurred and the reason why it occurred. Is it the software in the telephone that does not work properly, is the GPRS link stable, is the core network of the Internet working as it should, or is there something wrong at the server? The staff at Sony Ericsson has major difficulties determining where the origin of a problem is. They often simply know that something is not working. The major effort is often to detect the source of the actual problem rather than solving it. The PlayNow service provided by Sony Ericsson will be used as a reference service in this master’s thesis project. The PlayNow service is currently used for distributing ring signals. It is built on Internet standards, but depends on GSM’s specific features both for distribution and for e-commerce which makes it hard to test using existing web test tools. This Master’s Thesis examines the difficulties in establishing robust IP traffic links between a server and a mobile telephone. It examines the entire communication path between the mobile telephone and the server, and focus on how to detect (potential) errors. Within this project, development of a test tool is included. It supports features necessary for testing the reference service PlayNow. This report covers many different technologies within the mobile internet such as GSM, GPRS, and mobile IP. Moreover, the normal infrastructure of the Internet will also be considered; as well as how the different parts interact in an environment consisting of a mobile Internet with GPRS. A major part of the project has been evaluation of the communication link between a mobile device and a server. Additionally, some efforts have focused on developing the new test tool. / Utöver de problem som kan uppstå på Internet, konfronteras testare av mobila tjänster av ytterligare utmaningar på grund av den trådlösa miljön. Går något fel kan det vara väldigt svårt att lokalisera var problemet har uppstått och anledningen till varför det uppkom. Är det mjukvaran i telefonen som inte fungerar, är GPRS anslutningen stabil, fungerar kommunikationen över Internet som det ska, eller är det något fel med applikationsservern? De anställda på Sony Ericsson har många gånger stora problem att definiera vad källan till ett problem är. Ofta vet de bara att något är fel. Den stora mödan är ofta att hitta källan till problemet snarare än att lösa det. Tjänsten PlayNow som tillhandahålls av Sony Ericsson är referenstjänst för detta arbete. För närvarande används PlayNow för distribuering av ringsignaler. Tjänsten bygger på Internetstandards, men är även beroende av GSM specifika delar för både distribution och e-handel, vilket gör det svårt att testa denna tjänst med vanliga testverktyg för webben. I detta examensarbete undersöks svårigheterna med att etablera robust IP trafik mellan en mobiltelefon och en server och fokuserar på hur potentiella fel kan upptäckas. Inom ramen för detta arbete har ett testverktyg utvecklats. Detta verktyg tillhandahåller funktionalitet för att testa referenstjänsten PlayNow. Denna rapport behandlar många olika teknologier inom mobilt Internet, såsom GSM, GPRS och Mobil IP. Utöver detta har den vanliga Internet teknologin behandlas. Så som de andra delarna som är inkluderade i mobilt Internet med GPRS. En större del av arbetet har varit utvärdering av kommunikationsvägen mellan klient och server. Utöver detta har en del ansträngning lagts på att utveckla det nya testverktyget. Denna rapport visar på de svårigheter i att hitta källan till ett problem i kommunikationsvägen, vilka kan vara mycket svåra att hitta. För att göra felsökning enklare har ett testverktyg utvecklats. Med hjälp av detta nyutvecklade testverktyg, många brister i konfigurationen av PlayNow servern har blivit upptäckta och tillrättade.

Today large publishers are developing platforms via which their content, such as magazines, books, and newspapers, are distributed based upon the well established pattern of 'pay-per-content', via a multitude of mobile applications. Despite of the recent flourishing market of subscription possibilities, users currently have to buy single items of content at an average expenditure that is approximately equal to the cost of the printed media, because publishers are still investing in printing hardcover versions of their publications. Furthermore currently digital documents are mainly "scanned" versions of the printed ones, an unattractive format which does not exploit the potential of digital publishing. This format is rendered by the device in a way that does not permit the user to take real advantages of a digital environment, making the e-reading experience something that has no real added values, compared to regular printed publications. In order to provide to people an improved experience in terms of both accessing and enjoying their favorite material, the Leaf project aims to create a platform in which both publishers and readers can take advantage of an innovative business model and advanced technological solutions. As part of the Leaf project, the main objective in this subproject is the realization of a client that can access a set of online contents and offer these to the reader, by streaming content rather than requiring that the complete object should be downloaded in order to be rendered by the device. The access to the material should follow modern security standards, including data encryption, in order to prevent unauthorized use of the content. Furthermore, the client should present the content in an innovative way and allow the development of a mobile platform that could be supported based upon advertising, with an approach based on using information about the user (i.e. favorite places or profile details)as well as content-based advertising. In addition to the client application, the development of this subproject includes the development of a series of server-side utilities for the uploading and elaboration of publications on the server infrastructure. The document first reviews e-reading systems, focusing on the ePub file definition and e-reading solutions currently in use. The report then describes the Android OS development environment. The document then explains the implementation for both client and server side applications, giving a detailed overview of the chosen strategies and of the applications' structure. Finally the report concludes with a list of the achieved goals, a discussion on the project's limitations and then an exploration on what is the future for this client application. / Idag utvecklar många utgivare plattformar vilkas innehåll, såsom tidningar, böcker och veckotidningar distribueras via ett flertal mobila applikationer enligt den väletablerade ”pay-per-content” modellen. Trots den blommande nya marknaden som ger möjligheten till prenumeration, fårkonsumenterna fortfarande köpa enstaka publiceringar som ungefär kostar lika mycket som de tryckta media. Detta för att utgivarna fortfarande investerar i den inbundna versionen av deras publikationer. Dessutom är de digitala dokumenten främst en “skannade” version av det tryckta, enoattraktiv format som inte utnyttjar det digitala formatets potentialitet. Denna formatutförs av enheter på ett sätt som inte tillåter användare ta fördel av digitala möjligheter. Därmed, jämfört med tryckt material, erhåller läsningsupplevelsen inte något mervärde. För att ge en bättre upplevelse, både när det gäller att få tillgång och att ”njuta” av ensfavorit material, Leaf projektet vill skapa en plattform i vilken båda utgivare och läsare kanta fördel av en innovativ businessmodell och avancerade tekniska lösningar. Huvudmålet i detta delprojekt, som tillhör huvudprojektet Leaf, är realisering av en clientapplikation som har tillgång till online material. Detta material erbjuds till läsaren via streaming istället för att hela nedladdningen ska ske innan kundsenheten ska kunna börjaanvända det. Tillgången till materialet ska ske enligt moderna säkerhetsstandarder, datakryptering inbegripen, för att undvika otillåten användning av detta material. Dessutom ska client applikationen presentera innehållet på ett innovativ sätt och tillåtautvecklingen av en mobil plattform som ska kunna stödjas utav reklam. Tillvägagångssättet för att genomföra reklam ska baseras på användningen av information om användaren (till exempel favorita platser eller profildetaljer) likväl sominnehållbaserad reklam. Förutom client applikationen inkluderar detta projekt också utvecklingen av en serieserver-side verktyg för uppladdningen och utarbetandet av publikationer på serverns infrastruktur. Denna rapport ger först en recension av e-reading system, med fokus på ePub file definition samt e-reading lösningar som i dagsläget är använda. Efteråt förklararrapporten implementationen för både client och server side applikationer genom att ge endetaljerad översikt av de valda strategierna samt applikationernas struktur. Slutligen avslutas rapporten med en lista över de mål som har nåtts, en diskussion om projektets begränsningar och en prospektering på denna client applikationens framtid.

Value-Added Services and Content Platforms (VAS and Content platforms) was carried out with in a group with same name at Tele2 AB in Kista, Stockholm. This group is responsible for network design, capacity planning, dimensioning, Acceptance testing (ATP test), and introducing of new functionality in Tele2's VASplatforms. Acceptance testing is performed on new devices (servers and other network components) in order to verify their capacity and performance guaranteed by their manufactures. Every platform has a guaranteed upper bound performance (based on the license a buyer has paid for), measured by different approaches. For instance for Short Message Service Center (SMSC) platforms, the measurement is based on the maximum number of SMS messages processed per second (SMS/sec), for Multimedia Messaging Service Center (MMSC) platforms the metric is the maximum number of MMS messages processed per second (MMS/sec), and for WAP Gateways it is the maximum number of WAP Transactions Per Second (TPS). This M.Sc. thesis project involved creating two graphical load generators for load testing of SMSC and MMSC platforms. These application-programs are not allowed to occupy unnecessary resources, or cause additional traffic on the radio network (when they are deployed), but they must be powerful enough in order to send and receive traffic in order to derive statistical data about the system's performance. This data will be used for behavioral analysis of these systems, and finally for verifying the guaranteed capacities. These tests are very important and decisive for service providers, who want to be able to offer good quality of service, guarantee availability, and offer reliability. In order to measure the performance and verify the guaranteed performance, two main scenarios were of great importance: Sending 5 messages per second during a interval of 5 minutes. This case will simulate a TV-contest in which the TV audiences submit messages to a predefined number in order to join the contest. Sending 3 Multimedia Messages per second during 30 minutes (for the MMSC performance measurement), and 7 SMS-messages per second during 120 minutes (for the SMSC performance measurement). This case attempts to simulate the traffic that will be generated in the minutes before and after Christmas or New Year. For behavioral analysis and performance measurement of the MMSC and the SMSC platforms an Open Queueing Network model is employed. In this model each server system is considered as a network, consisting of nodes, where each node represents one component inside the system. By considering each node as a single-server queueing system we can take advantage of queueing theory in order to drive several performance results.

The Extensible Markup Language (XML) becomes more and more widespread as nearly all major players on the market today have accepted XML as an industry standard for exchanging information between server based products. Thus thousands of XML dialects have emerged since XML 1.0 became a W3C recommendation in February 1998. Corus Technologies AB has developed a server-based product called Corus/ALS© (Application Linking System) that makes it possible to connect client systems with different data representations to each other. A relational database model for each of the client systems is created and the translation from one data representation to another is done with stored procedures in the database. This thesis introduces a solution for how to store and retrieve XML documents in a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) from any of the XML dialects that has emerged since XML 1.0 became a W3C recommendation. After a XML document has been stored in the database in a normalized way, the stored procedures in the Corus/ALS© database can be used to transform it to another XML dialect (or another format supported by the Corus/ALS© system). This will make it possible to translate any XML document to any other XML format. An XML interpreter was implemented and this implementation verified the theories in this thesis.

When communication nodes are connected to different networks, different kinds of Exchange Terminals (ETs) i.e., line card, are used. The different media we consider here have a bit rate between 1.5Mbps to 622Mbps and use protocols such as ATM or IP. In order to minimize the number of different types of ET boards, it is interesting to study the possibility of using Network Processors (NP) to build a generic ET that is able to handle several link layer and network layer protocols and operate at a wide variety of bit rates. This report investigates the potential of implementing an ET board using a one-chip or twochip solution using an Intel Network Processor (NP). The design is described in detail including a performance analysis of the different modules (microblocks) used. The report also provides an evaluation of the IXP2400 network processor and contrasts it to some other network processors. The detailed performance evaluation is based on a simulator of the IXP2400, which is part of Intel's Software Development Kit (SDK) version 3.0. In addition, I have investigated: the memory bus bandwidth, memory access latencies, and compared Ccompiler against hand-written microcode. These tests were based on using an application for this ET board, which I have implemented. It proved to be difficult to fit all the required functions into a single chip solution. The result is either one must wait for the next generation of this chip or one has to use a two-chip solution. In addition, the software development environment used in the project was only a pre-release, and not all services worked as promised. However, a clear result is that implementing an ET board, supporting the commonly desired functions, using a Network Processor is both feasible and straightforward. / För att koppla ihop olika noder som befinner sig på olika nätverk, använder man sig av olika Exchange Terminal-kort (ET-kort), s.k. Linjekort. De olika media vi tar i beaktning har en linjehastighet mellan 1.5 Mbps och 622 Mbps och använder protokoll som exempelvis ATM och IP. För att minimera antalet olika ET-kort är det intressant att studera möjligheten att använda sig av Nätverksprocessorer som ett allmänt ET-kort som kan hantera flera olika länklager- och nätverkslager- protokoll, och samtidigt fungera över olika hastigheter. Den här rapporten utreder möjligheten att implementera ett ET-kort för en eller två nätverksprocessorchip tillverkad av Intel, kallad IXP2400. Designen är beskriven i detalj och inkluderar även en prestandaanalys av flera olika moduler (mikroblock) som använts. Rapporten innehåller även en utvärdering av IXP2400 där den jämförs med en liknande nätverksprocessor från en annan tillverkare. Prestandaanalysen är baserad på en simulator av IXP2400 processorn, som är en del av Intels utvecklingsmiljö kallad IXA SDK 3.0. Slutligen har jag även utvärderat minnesbussarna, minnesaccessen och ett C-kompilatortest gjord med hjälp av assemblergenererad kod och C-kod. Dessa tester gjordes på en applikation av ETkortet som jag själv har implementerat. Det visade sig vara svårt att få in alla krav som ställts på bara en nätverksprocessor. Resultatet är antingen att vänta tills nästa version av simuleringsmiljön kommer ut på marknaden eller att använda sig av två nätverksprocessorer. Under projektet användes bara en betaversion av utvecklingsmiljön och det har inneburit att alla funktioner inte fungerar som förväntat. Resultatet visar ändå tydligt att användning av Nätverksprocessorer är både effektiv och enkel att använda.

Application hosting is becoming a popular business, Application Service Providers (ASPs) need however to keep up with the increasing pace of the market. This implies that they have to provide infrastructure to an increasing number of clients, and at the same time give QoS guarantees to these clients. One solution for ASPs to both guarantee a certain service level (QoS) for their clients and keep expanding would be to have so many resources as to be able to provide more than the maximum aggregate need of their clients. This may turn out to be an expensive or even an impossible solution - sharing infrastructure between clients and offering some means of resource reservation, and using charging to insure that clients only reserve the resources they need, is an alternative. It is however not an easy problem to solve, particularly if the procedure of adding new clients is to be automated, and the resources dynamically allocated. The ICorpMaker framework being developed at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory offers a solution to the above named problems. In the ICorpMaker framework dynamic resource allocation is achieved by letting clients modify the amount of resources allocated to them in a simple manner, requesting more or less resources than their current allotment. The difficulty in achieving the end-to-end performance the client desires, lies in the fact that it is not certain how modifying resource allocation at the network respectively server level will combine and affect the end-to-end performance experienced by the end users of the service. The aim of this thesis project was to study the correlation between different network and server QoS parameters and the resulting end-to-end performance by making measurements. The results obtained from these measurements give an answer to the question of how to change the network and server resource allocations, when a client's application does not perform in a satisfactory way and hence the client requests more resources. Certain optimizations for the resource (re)allocation were also suggested based on the results.

The use of mobile Internet has reached the transport industry. Internet will be used to transport important and security-critical information from and to vehicles. Using Internet in this context raises a severe problem. Only 6% of the world is covered by GSM, the primary Internet bearer for mobile usage. The subject of this thesis is to explore suitable backups in order to provide the user with global coverage for important information exchange. The messages to send and receive are small in size, often less than 100 bytes. The time factor of the transmission is important, an alert message often has to be passed within minutes to be of any use. These factors together with the global coverage leave us with only one suitable solution, a satellite data communication system. The first part of this thesis contains an investigation of the satellite communication market. Two different systems, Inmarsat-C and ORBCOMM, are chosen for further study and evaluation. One Inmarsat-C unit and two ORBCOMM units are found suitable for the application. The last part of the thesis contains the evaluation, testing and system integration of these units. The conclusion is that ORBCOMM, although not yet fully developed, has the capabilities and performance necessary for use in a mobile environment such as a truck. The two different ORBCOMM units tested, Panasonic and Stellar, were found to have comparable qualities.

Ever since its introduction, network coding has attracted a lot of interest from the research community. This interest is a result of two main factors: the simplicity of application of network coding and the possibility to apply it to a plethora of applications. Research in network coding started on wired networks for different types of traffic, mainly focusing on code design, content distribution and network security. However, researchers soon came to realize that the inherent properties of the wireless medium render it a fertile ground for the application of network coding. This has resulted in tremendous research efforts on wireless applications of network coding for wireless systems, both academically and industrially, with the majority of these works targeting bidirectional traffic scenarios. In this work, we focus on practical implementation issues for network coding when applied to uplink cellular traffic. We provide our own relaying scheme based on decode-and-forward relays and network coding with a specially designed method of decoding at the receiver. We complement this method with user grouping, relay selection diversity and time division among the transmitting nodes in order to achieve the gains promised by network coding in terms of throughput increase, while halving the power usage at the relay nodes. We show that these complements are necessary in order to translate the decrease in the number of transmissions offered by network coding into capacity gains; otherwise, random application of network coding would provide a worse performance compared to direct transmission or decode-and-forward relaying.

Recent years have witnessed remarkable developements in wireless positioning systems to satisfy the need of the market for real-time services. At Arlanda airport in Stockholm, LFV - department of research and developement wanted to invest in an indoor positioning system to deliver services for customers at the correct time and correct place. In this thesis, three different technologies, WLAN, Bluetooth, and RFID and their combination are investigated for this purpose. Several approaches are considered and two searching algorithms are compared, namely Trilateration and RF fingerprinting. The proposed approaches should rely on an existing WLAN infrastructure which is already deployed at the airport. The performances of the different considered solutions in the aforementioned approaches are quantified by means of simulations. This thesis work has shown that RF fingerprinting provide more accurate results than Trilateration algorithm especially in indoor environments, and that infrastructures with a combination of WLAN and Bluetooth technologies result in lower average error if compared to infrastructures that adopt only WLAN.