Social isolation is a concern for the health of older adults in Canada. Community-engaged arts (CEA) programs are thought to support social inclusion but how such programs contribute to building community connections for older adults at risk of social isolation is poorly understood. This study, therefore, is aimed to explore the experience of community for this population in the context of a CEA program as well as the role the program plays in that experience. A qualitative study using ethnographic methods was conducted to answer two research questions: (1) What does community mean to seniors in the Arts, Health and Seniors program? (2) What is the role of the Arts, Health and Seniors program in the participants’ experience of community? Data were collected over a six week period using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The sample was a group of 20 urban-dwelling seniors at risk for social isolation who participated in a CEA program once a week. Regular group art sessions were observed by the researcher and extensive field notes were recorded. Interviews were conducted with five senior participants and four other key informants (including two artists, a senior worker, and an administrators), and documents related to the community were reviewed. Data were analyzed throughout the data collection process and interpretations were noted. Through immersion in the data and a movement between the data and interpretations, themes were developed. Connections between themes were explored and taken back to the data. Findings were presented as a detailed description of the participants’ experience of community. Community for the participants focused around the Seniors Centre where the program was held. The participants expressed that the meaningful relationships at the centre made it ‘another home’ and was a place they could find resources to adapt to challenges. The CEA program provided a unique experience of community through working together as a group and making new social connections. For health professionals working with older people at risk for social isolation, this research will add to the understanding of how community is experienced by older adults and how community is supported by CEA programs.

Social isolation is a concern for the health of older adults in Canada. Community-engaged arts (CEA) programs are thought to support social inclusion but how such programs contribute to building community connections for older adults at risk of social isolation is poorly understood. This study, therefore, is aimed to explore the experience of community for this population in the context of a CEA program as well as the role the program plays in that experience. A qualitative study using ethnographic methods was conducted to answer two research questions: (1) What does community mean to seniors in the Arts, Health and Seniors program? (2) What is the role of the Arts, Health and Seniors program in the participants’ experience of community? Data were collected over a six week period using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The sample was a group of 20 urban-dwelling seniors at risk for social isolation who participated in a CEA program once a week. Regular group art sessions were observed by the researcher and extensive field notes were recorded. Interviews were conducted with five senior participants and four other key informants (including two artists, a senior worker, and an administrators), and documents related to the community were reviewed. Data were analyzed throughout the data collection process and interpretations were noted. Through immersion in the data and a movement between the data and interpretations, themes were developed. Connections between themes were explored and taken back to the data. Findings were presented as a detailed description of the participants’ experience of community. Community for the participants focused around the Seniors Centre where the program was held. The participants expressed that the meaningful relationships at the centre made it ‘another home’ and was a place they could find resources to adapt to challenges. The CEA program provided a unique experience of community through working together as a group and making new social connections. For health professionals working with older people at risk for social isolation, this research will add to the understanding of how community is experienced by older adults and how community is supported by CEA programs.

Social isolation is a concern for the health of older adults in Canada. Community-engaged arts (CEA) programs are thought to support social inclusion but how such programs contribute to building community connections for older adults at risk of social isolation is poorly understood. This study, therefore, is aimed to explore the experience of community for this population in the context of a CEA program as well as the role the program plays in that experience. A qualitative study using ethnographic methods was conducted to answer two research questions: (1) What does community mean to seniors in the Arts, Health and Seniors program? (2) What is the role of the Arts, Health and Seniors program in the participants’ experience of community? Data were collected over a six week period using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The sample was a group of 20 urban-dwelling seniors at risk for social isolation who participated in a CEA program once a week. Regular group art sessions were observed by the researcher and extensive field notes were recorded. Interviews were conducted with five senior participants and four other key informants (including two artists, a senior worker, and an administrators), and documents related to the community were reviewed. Data were analyzed throughout the data collection process and interpretations were noted. Through immersion in the data and a movement between the data and interpretations, themes were developed. Connections between themes were explored and taken back to the data. Findings were presented as a detailed description of the participants’ experience of community. Community for the participants focused around the Seniors Centre where the program was held. The participants expressed that the meaningful relationships at the centre made it ‘another home’ and was a place they could find resources to adapt to challenges. The CEA program provided a unique experience of community through working together as a group and making new social connections. For health professionals working with older people at risk for social isolation, this research will add to the understanding of how community is experienced by older adults and how community is supported by CEA programs. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Local communities have the right to participate in decision-making about environmental resources near where they live. Local governments have tried to gather feedback from communities to help improve the decisions they make, but have not always done a good job getting feedback from minority or urban communities. This dissertation provides one step toward obtaining this kind of public input in a majority minority community surrounding the Jordan River in Salt Lake City. Children and adults participated in this research. I present findings from two surveys, from work with children, and from adult interviews to understand how this community relates to their local river, what they like and do not like about it, and what they would like to see improved. This research revealed that communities have both positive and negative views of the river, but overall see it as an important community resource that is highly valued. Communities would like to participate more in river decision-making and have suggestions for how they would like to see that happen. The results in this dissertation can help bridge the gap between local city government officials and this minority community to help improve the river environmental quality and connections to the community.

Black women are disproportionately burdened by type-2 diabetes (Bancks et al., 2017) and their experience of health inequities is negatively shaped by institutionalized racism in the US (Feagin & Bennefield, 2014). Previous research has demonstrated the impact of type-2 diabetes on the Black community, yet fails to adequately capture the complexity of Black women’s experiences navigating the disease (Hurt et al., 2017). This two-phase qualitative dissertation study addresses this gap in the literature. Drawing from critical race theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2012), feminist theory (Collins, 2002) and popular education (Freire, 1970), photovoice and interview methods were employed to examine how one group of Black women residing in Boston experience type-2 diabetes. Phase I included a photovoice project with 11 Black women between the ages of 36 and 69 recruited from an area diabetes clinic and community agencies. Phase II included one focus group (N=4) with interdisciplinary diabetes providers from an area diabetes clinic and 13 individual interviews with interdisciplinary diabetes providers including: physicians, nurse practitioners, clinical pharmacists, dieticians and social workers from three Boston medical institutions. The researcher explored provider perceptions of the photovoice findings and their implications for provider education and training. The researcher used inductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clark, 2006) to further contextualize the photovoice findings in phase I and to analyze providers’ reactions to the photovoice analysis in phase II. Photovoice participants and providers interpreted the photovoice findings differently. The photovoice participants’ analysis reflected a hopeful, aspirational message despite the complexity of navigating type-2 diabetes and the competing messages about health and wellness many Black women internalize. In contrast, provider reflections were more deficit driven and focused on medical management. Further, providers shared some biased assumptions about Black women’s experiences with type-2 diabetes such as inferring substance use as a concern from one of the photos. This research highlights the transformative power of photovoice methods (Wang & Burris, 1997) to engage Black women to make meaning of their experiences with type-2 diabetes and communicate their health priorities. These findings have important implications for interdisciplinary teaching models and future social work research and practice with Black women and other marginalized groups coping with chronic disease. / 2023-05-07T00:00:00Z

One purpose of community-engaged work is to build and reflect the community; to allow their voice to be heard. This research explores the relationship between the professional artist facilitator and participants in a community-engaged setting while applying devised theatre practices. The facilitating artist brings to the group their expertise in playmaking and storytelling. The research centers on how a facilitating artist might approach devising a community-engaged performance project with awareness of his/her ability to influence the group. How can the facilitator channel their influence to provide productive guidance for the collective creativity in order to honor the community’s intent and minimize the distortion created by the facilitator’s perspective? Are there guidelines that can be established in order to ensure that the community’s voice is undiluted? I begin by engaging in dialogue with established current practitioners in the field and examining literature published on the subject with this goal in mind. From this research a roadmap of perils and pitfalls, signs to look for that indicate tension or discomfort within the group, and techniques and tips for productively refocusing the group’s work have been created. The objective of the research is to formulate a philosophy on facilitation that aligns with my artistic mission and values, ensuring the work truly builds and reflects the communities from which it is produced.

Master of Public Health / Human Nutrition / Sandra B. Procter / Background: Engaging community has become a fundamental approach to improving health outcomes in resource-limited settings. Community coalitions, comprised of resident activists that mobilize to improve local conditions, are frequently utilized as partners for community-engaged research. However, there is limited research that documents how these partnerships affect the coalitions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of researcher-coalition collaboration in the pilot year of a four-year intervention program targeting childhood obesity in rural, low-income communities. Methods: Twelve pre-established community coalitions from seven states were selected to partner with academic researchers in a quasi-experimental study, and then assigned to either the control (n=6) or intervention (n=6) group. Both study arms received funding and access to a menu of evidence-based tools, but the intervention groups were also provided a trained community coach. Member survey data from a Coalition Self-Assessment Survey (CSAS) tool was completed at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Results: CSAS data were analyzed to identify factors related to coalition function and efficacy, and significant changes in both experimental groups were identified. Change in measures of membership recruitment, coalition capacity and coalition communication were unique to the intervention group. Problems for participation were alleviated significantly on all measures in the control group. Comparison of the study groups at follow-up demonstrated that greater research involvement positively impacted membership recruitment and coalition action plan. Conclusion: The data suggest that coalitions with a higher degree of partnership interaction may be more successful in addressing problems impacting their communities.

Human activity modifies the behaviour of large vertebrates and their acquisition of key resources. Despite the predation risk and competition for similar food resources that humans impose, wildlife consumers must acquire key foods across the landscape. Predation risk can modify foraging behaviour, yet we know little about the potential consequences, especially on large spatial scales. Humans may also affect food availability for wildlife by competing for shared prey, which most current harvest prescriptions fail to recognize. Against this background of threats to consumer-resource interactions, my research employed new conceptual, analytical, and practical approaches to seek not only new generalizable insight but also applied solutions. Addressing these goals, I characterized foraging behaviour by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) on a focal prey, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), at multiple spatial scales. I predicted how human activity – both as modifications to landscapes and as salmon harvest – might affect bear-salmon interactions. I co-conceived, designed, and carried out this work through a framework of community engagement, which I crafted in collaboration with Indigenous communities in coastal British Columbia (BC). The framework (Chapter 2) identifies how scientists and communities can engage throughout the research process to work towards shared priorities, despite potential challenges in differences of knowledge systems or capacities. Methodologically, I used ratios of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in bear hair to estimate relative contributions of salmon in the annual diet of bears and employed existing data on landscape modification and salmon fisheries (i.e., escapement and catch) to characterize human activity and to measure associated variation in salmon consumption by bears. My first empirical contribution (Chapter 3) characterized spatial patterns of annual salmon consumption by grizzly bears across BC. I found substantial differences in salmon consumption within and among grizzly and black (U. americanus) bears in a large coastal region and across BC. Visualizing variation in consumer-resource interactions could guide conservation and management efforts that seek to protect predator-prey associations and marine subsidies for terrestrial ecosystems. I also investigated potential drivers of salmon consumption by bears in interior and coastal watersheds that varied in disturbance (Chapter 4). I found that human footprint in riparian areas of salmon-bearing watersheds affected bear diets more than the amount of salmon biomass available, showing that human activity can disrupt an otherwise strong predator-prey association. My community-based research occurred at the scale of a single large watershed, where I demonstrated how the Wuikinuxv First Nation might design their salmon management prescriptions according to their cultural values (Chapter 5). Despite a reduced abundance of salmon in the area, I identified harvest options that would trade-off benefits to local people and bears equally. In general, my dissertation research contributes to our understanding of the role humans increasingly play in mediating consumer-resource interactions. I also highlight how scientific research can support the leadership that local management can provide in mitigating human impacts to sustain an iconic predator-prey interaction of ecological, economic, and cultural importance. / Graduate / 2020-04-23

Studies have shown that many low-income and disadvantaged Americans have a poor diet quality, which increases obesity and chronic disease risk. According to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, education and income levels of Springfield residents are well below state averages, and racial diversity in Springfield has increased significantly over the past few decades. Springfield’s demographics increase the risk of health disparities in the community, and higher rates of diabetes, heart disease, and obesity are seen in Springfield. To promote healthy eating behaviors among Springfield residents, Mason Square Health Task Force (MSHTF), a Live Well Springfield (LWS) partner, created a 6-session nutrition curriculum, entitled The MENU Program. The goal was to increase overall health awareness and healthy eating behaviors among residents in communities that are being targeted by the LWS initiative. Topics of the The MENU Program included MyPlate guidelines and label reading, budget shopping and cooking, healthy restaurant choices, diet and chronic disease, and food justice. The objective of this study was to evaluate The MENU Program to assess its strengths, weaknesses, and effectiveness using both quantitative and qualitative data from surveys, process evaluation, and facilitator observations. There were two phases of this study: Phase 1 was the evaluation of the pilot program delivered to a group of senior women recruited through the Dunbar YMCA; Phase 2 evaluated the second offering of the curriculum to Mason Square residents enrolled in the Task Force Fit Challenge. All participants responded positively to The MENU Program sessions and positive changes were seen in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after both Phases. Participant-perceived useful material included handouts, group discussions, and hands-on activities. Observational data supports the usefulness of group discussion over lecture-based teaching methods. This study supports the use of The MENU Program as an effective community education program for Springfield, MA. It has the potential to positively influence residents’ diet quality and nutrition-related behaviors through improved nutrition knowledge and attitudes.

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