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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

OtimizaÃÃo de torres de aÃo para geradores eÃlicos / Eolic steel towers Optimization

Bruno Pinho Feijà 27 August 2010 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Diversas formas de geraÃÃo de energia vÃm sendo desenvolvidas com o intuito de oferecer alternativas ecologicamente corretas. Na regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil e principalmente no Estado do CearÃ, a energia eÃlica vem se destacando devido ao grande potencial dos ventos da regiÃo. Para aumentar a potÃncia gerada, torres cada vez mais altas tÃm sido usadas em busca de ventos mais fortes. Vale ressaltar que o custo das torres, geralmente fabricados em aÃo, representa parcela importante (20 a 30%) do custo total do sistema de geraÃÃo eÃlico. Este trabalho apresenta duas formulaÃÃes para a otimizaÃÃo do projeto de torres tubulares para geradores eÃlicos de aÃo. A primeira considera uma torre de aÃo cilÃndrica prismÃtica, onde foi modelada segundo a teoria de viga clÃssica de Euler-Bernoulli. A segunda formulaÃÃo considera uma torre, composta de segmentos de troncos de cone, onde foram utilizados para anÃlise por elementos finitos clÃssicos de pÃrtico plano. As variÃveis de projeto que definem as estruturas sÃo os diÃmetros representativos dos segmentos e as suas espessuras. Na torre cilÃndrica este diÃmetro à Ãnico. O custo mÃnimo à procurado minimizando-se o peso da torre. As restriÃÃes dizem respeito ao comportamento estrutural (rigidez, resistÃncia e estabilidade de acordo com recomendaÃÃes de normas) e ao processo de fabricaÃÃo e transporte. O processo de fabricaÃÃo confere aos diÃmetros representativos de cada segmento uma natureza contÃnua, e em conseqÃÃncia da disponibilidade comercial, as espessuras das chapas possuem natureza discreta. As restriÃÃes relativas à verificaÃÃo da seguranÃa segundo as normas apresentam pontos com descontinuidades nas funÃÃes e nas suas derivadas. Estes dois aspectos, que dificultam a soluÃÃo do problema pelos mÃtodos clÃssicos de ProgramaÃÃo MatemÃtica, tÃm sido adequadamente tratados por algoritmos baseados na simulaÃÃo do processo de evoluÃÃo de Darwin e em princÃpios da genÃtica, os chamados Algoritmos GenÃticos (AGâs). Assim, algumas aplicaÃÃes da formulaÃÃo sÃo feitas e soluÃÃes sÃo obtidas usando AGâs. Os resultados obtidos sÃo comparados com soluÃÃes da literatura e soluÃÃes Ãtimas sÃo verificadas por meios de modelos de elementos finitos de cascas usando o software ABAQUS. / Different forms of energy generation have been developed with the intention of offering environmentally friendly alternatives. In the Northeast region of Brazil and especially in the state of CearÃ, wind energy has been increasing due to the large potential of wind in the region. To increase the power, increasingly high towers have been used to capture stronger winds. It is noteworthy that the cost of towers, generally made of steel, represents significant portion (20-30%) of the total wind power generation system costs. This work presents two approaches for optimizing the design of tubular towers for wind steel generators. The first considers a prismatic cylindrical steel tower, which is modeled by means of the classical Euler-Bernoulliâs beam theory. The second formulation considers a tower composed of segments of the trunks of cone. The analysis was run by finite element analysis. The design variables that define the structures are the diameters of representative segments and their thicknesses. In the prismatic cylindrical tower, this diameter is unique. The minimum cost is searched by minimizing the weight of the tower. Constraints related to the structural behavior (stiffness, strength and stability in accordance with recommendations of standards) and the manufacturing process and transportation are considered. The manufacturing process gives the diameters of each segment representing a continuous nature, and as a result of commercial availability, the thicknesses of the plates have a discrete nature. The constraints to ensure the safety of the structure followed the standards recommendations. They presented discontinuities in their functions and their derivatives. The discrete nature and the discontinuities hinder the solution of the problem by classical methods of mathematical programming. So, they had been adequately addressed by algorithms based on simulation of the process of Darwinian evolution and principles of genetics, called Genetic Algorithms (GA). Thus, some applications of the formulation are made and solutions are obtained using GAâs. The results are compared with solutions from literature, and the optimum solutions obtained are verified by shell finite elements models using the software ABAQUS.

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