• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

USO DE UM REATOR ANAERÃBIO DE MANTA DE LODO E FLUXO ASCENDENTE (UASB) NA REMOÃÃO DE SULFATO, DQO E DAS ESPÃCIES METÃLICAS NÃQUEL (NI2+), ZINCO (ZN2+) E COBRE (CU2+)

Vinicius Farias de Albuquerque 28 August 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a eficiÃncia do uso de um reator anaerÃbio de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo inoculado com lodo metanogÃnico proveniente de uma indÃstria de cerveja no tratamento de efluente sintÃtico contendo um meio basal constituÃdo de sulfato e posteriormente adicionado dos Ãons metÃlicos zinco (Zn2+), nÃquel (Ni2+) e cobre (Cu2+). O reator foi operado com um tempo de detenÃÃo hidrÃulico (TDH) de 18 horas e vazÃo de 14,9 L/dia, com o etanol como doador de elÃtrons. A carga orgÃnica volumÃtrica (COV) foi de 1,5 kgDQO/m3.d durante todo perÃodo de funcionamento do reator. O experimento em fluxo contÃnuo foi dividido em quatro etapas apÃs a obtenÃÃo de condiÃÃes estÃveis de operaÃÃo. Nas etapas 1 (DQO/SO4 2- = 2,26), 2 (DQO/SO4 2- = 1,13) e 3 (DQO/SO4 2- = 0,57) o afluente foi adicionado de sulfato em diferentes concentraÃÃes, permitindo a anÃlise do comportamento do reator sob diferentes relaÃÃes DQO/SO4 2-. Finalmente, na etapa quatro foram adicionados os Ãons metÃlicos. A etapa 1 (concentraÃÃo de sulfato de 500 mg/L) mostrou eficiÃncias mÃdias de remoÃÃo de DQO e sulfato de 83,61% e 67,00%, respectivamente, alÃm de mostrar que o reator se manteve estÃvel durante este perÃodo. Jà na etapa 2 (concentraÃÃo de sulfato de 1000 mg/L), o reator passou por um perÃodo de instabilidade devido ao choque de carga ocasionado pela nova concentraÃÃo de sulfato, mas ainda apresentou boas eficiÃncias mÃdias de remoÃÃo de DQO (70%) e sulfato (62%). A etapa 3 (concentraÃÃo de sulfato de 2000 mg/L) mostrou que sob relaÃÃes DQO/SO4 2- baixas o rendimento acaba caindo, principalmente devido à falta de doador de elÃtrons para a reduÃÃo de sulfato. As eficiÃncias mÃdias de remoÃÃo de DQO e sulfato foram de 62% e 44%, respectivamente. Na etapa 4, adicionou-se os Ãons metÃlicos inicialmente na concentraÃÃo de 50 mg/L, obtendo-se como eficiÃncias mÃdias de remoÃÃo para o Zn2+, Ni2+ e Cu2+ os seguintes valores, respectivamente: 99,17%, 99,15% e 99,90%. Para a concentraÃÃo afluente dos Ãons metÃlicos de 150 mg/L as eficiÃncias mÃdias de remoÃÃo de nÃquel, zinco e cobre foram de 99,4%, 99,5% e 99,8%, respectivamente. TambÃm foram analisadas amostras de lodo retiradas de diferentes alturas do reator para verificar a distribuiÃÃo dos metais ao longo da extensÃo do reator. Os resultados gerais mostraram boas eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo de DQO e sulfato, alÃm de mostrarem eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo das concentraÃÃes iniciais dos Ãons metÃlicos acima de 99%, mostrando a viabilidade do uso da reduÃÃo biolÃgica de sulfato no tratamento de efluentes contendo altas concentraÃÃes de matÃria orgÃnica, sulfato e metais pesados. / This work had the objective of analyze the efficiency of the use of an anaerobic upflow sludge bed reactor (UASB) inoculated with methanogenic sludge proceeding from a beer industry in a treatment of a synthetic effluent with sulfate and subsequently added with the metal ions zinc (Zn2+), nickel (Ni2+) and cooper (Cu2+). The reactor was operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 hours and a flow of 14,9 L/day with ethanol as electron donor. The organic loading rate (OLR) was 1,5 kgDQO/m3.d during the whole running period of the reactor. The continuous flow experiment was divided into four stages after stable conditions had been achieved. At stages 1 (DQO/SO4 2- = 2,26), 2 (DQO/SO4 2- = 1,13) e 3 (DQO/SO4 2- = 0,57) the influent was added with sulfate at different concentrations allowing the analysis of the reactor behavior under different relations DQO/SO4 2-. Finally, at the stage four the metals ions were added. The stage 1 (sulfate concentration of 500 mg/L) showed average removal efficiencies of COD and sulfate of 83,61% and 67,00%, respectively, in addiction to show that the reactor remained stable during this period. Now, in step 2 (sulfate concentration of 1000 mg/L), the reactor was undergoing a period of instability due to shock load caused by new sulfate concentration, but still showed good average removal efficiencies of COD (70%) and sulfate (62%). Step 3 (sulfate concentration of 2000 mg/L) showed that under low relations DQO/SO4 2- income ends up falling, mainly due to lack of electron donor for sulfate reduction. The average removal efficiencies of COD and sulfate were 62% and 44% respectively. In step 4, was added the metal ions, initially at a concentration of 50 mg/L, there was obtained as average removal efficiencies for Zn2+, Ni2+,and Cu2+ the following values, respectively 99.17% and 99.15% 99.90%. For the influent concentration of metal ions of 150 mg/L the average removal efficiencies of nickel, zinc and copper were 99.4%, 99.5% and 99.8%, respectively. Samples of sludge taken from different heights of the reactor were also analysed to determine the distribution of metals along the length of reactor. The overall results showed good removal efficiencies of COD and sulphate, and show removal efficiencies of initial concentrations of metal ions above 99%, demonstrating the feasibility of using biological reduction of sulfate in the treatment of effluents containing high concentrations of organic matter, sulfate and heavy metals.

Page generated in 0.0868 seconds