Currently, the bulk of applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in software engineering have focussed on software maintenance and re-engineering. In this thesis we broaden the approach by applying FCA to a number of early-phase activities within the software engineering life-cycle. With respect to the requirements engineering phase, a case study is presented comparing two class hierarchies that model aspects of a mass-transit railway ticketing system. The first hierarchy was produced for an existing Object-Z specification of the system while the second was derived using FCA. Contrasting the two hierarchies revealed that they were essentially the same, however, the differences highlighted specification artefacts in the existing hierarchy. With respect to the design phase, the thesis discusses the use of FCA for the navigation and visualisation of Formal Specifications written in Z. In response to the continued call for formal methods tool support, we implement and explore a prototype specification browser that exploits the abstractions afforded by FCA. The research hypothesis is an integrated architecture for navigating formal specifications using FCA. This architecture is realised using ZML and ToscanaJ to produce a practical research tool. The thesis also includes the first broad survey of FCA in the domain of software engineering and an FCA-based methodology for surveying academic literature in general.

Currently, the bulk of applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in software engineering have focussed on software maintenance and re-engineering. In this thesis we broaden the approach by applying FCA to a number of early-phase activities within the software engineering life-cycle. With respect to the requirements engineering phase, a case study is presented comparing two class hierarchies that model aspects of a mass-transit railway ticketing system. The first hierarchy was produced for an existing Object-Z specification of the system while the second was derived using FCA. Contrasting the two hierarchies revealed that they were essentially the same, however, the differences highlighted specification artefacts in the existing hierarchy. With respect to the design phase, the thesis discusses the use of FCA for the navigation and visualisation of Formal Specifications written in Z. In response to the continued call for formal methods tool support, we implement and explore a prototype specification browser that exploits the abstractions afforded by FCA. The research hypothesis is an integrated architecture for navigating formal specifications using FCA. This architecture is realised using ZML and ToscanaJ to produce a practical research tool. The thesis also includes the first broad survey of FCA in the domain of software engineering and an FCA-based methodology for surveying academic literature in general.

Currently, the bulk of applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in software engineering have focussed on software maintenance and re-engineering. In this thesis we broaden the approach by applying FCA to a number of early-phase activities within the software engineering life-cycle. With respect to the requirements engineering phase, a case study is presented comparing two class hierarchies that model aspects of a mass-transit railway ticketing system. The first hierarchy was produced for an existing Object-Z specification of the system while the second was derived using FCA. Contrasting the two hierarchies revealed that they were essentially the same, however, the differences highlighted specification artefacts in the existing hierarchy. With respect to the design phase, the thesis discusses the use of FCA for the navigation and visualisation of Formal Specifications written in Z. In response to the continued call for formal methods tool support, we implement and explore a prototype specification browser that exploits the abstractions afforded by FCA. The research hypothesis is an integrated architecture for navigating formal specifications using FCA. This architecture is realised using ZML and ToscanaJ to produce a practical research tool. The thesis also includes the first broad survey of FCA in the domain of software engineering and an FCA-based methodology for surveying academic literature in general.

Currently, the bulk of applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in software engineering have focussed on software maintenance and re-engineering. In this thesis we broaden the approach by applying FCA to a number of early-phase activities within the software engineering life-cycle. With respect to the requirements engineering phase, a case study is presented comparing two class hierarchies that model aspects of a mass-transit railway ticketing system. The first hierarchy was produced for an existing Object-Z specification of the system while the second was derived using FCA. Contrasting the two hierarchies revealed that they were essentially the same, however, the differences highlighted specification artefacts in the existing hierarchy. With respect to the design phase, the thesis discusses the use of FCA for the navigation and visualisation of Formal Specifications written in Z. In response to the continued call for formal methods tool support, we implement and explore a prototype specification browser that exploits the abstractions afforded by FCA. The research hypothesis is an integrated architecture for navigating formal specifications using FCA. This architecture is realised using ZML and ToscanaJ to produce a practical research tool. The thesis also includes the first broad survey of FCA in the domain of software engineering and an FCA-based methodology for surveying academic literature in general.

Currently, the bulk of applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in software engineering have focussed on software maintenance and re-engineering. In this thesis we broaden the approach by applying FCA to a number of early-phase activities within the software engineering life-cycle. With respect to the requirements engineering phase, a case study is presented comparing two class hierarchies that model aspects of a mass-transit railway ticketing system. The first hierarchy was produced for an existing Object-Z specification of the system while the second was derived using FCA. Contrasting the two hierarchies revealed that they were essentially the same, however, the differences highlighted specification artefacts in the existing hierarchy. With respect to the design phase, the thesis discusses the use of FCA for the navigation and visualisation of Formal Specifications written in Z. In response to the continued call for formal methods tool support, we implement and explore a prototype specification browser that exploits the abstractions afforded by FCA. The research hypothesis is an integrated architecture for navigating formal specifications using FCA. This architecture is realised using ZML and ToscanaJ to produce a practical research tool. The thesis also includes the first broad survey of FCA in the domain of software engineering and an FCA-based methodology for surveying academic literature in general.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma abordagem para o problema de alocação dinâmica de recursos em ambiente de produção baseada no paradigma de multiagentes. Para tanto, é especificada uma arquitetura multiagente genérica chamada M-DRAP - Multi-agent Dynamic Resource Allocation Planning, a partir da qual podem ser derivados modelos particulares. As principais contribuições deste trabalho compreendem: (i) a definição de uma estratégia que permita o planejamento dinâmico de cada recurso no atendimento as demandas das atividades de produção de forma descentralizada e distribuída, através de uma abordagem orientada a projeto; (ii) a proposição de uma organização social baseada em uma abordagem multiagente orientada a mercado, capaz de propiciar relações de negociação entre agentes autônomos no sentido de atenderem aos seus interesses individuais, contribuindo de forma efetiva para a satisfação dos objetivos e restrições temporais e de custos globais ao sistema de produção como um todo; (iii) a especificação de uma arquitetura multiagente derivada do CIMOSA, representando de forma consistente a estrutura funcional e organizacional de um sistema de produção; (iv) a definição de estratégias baseadas em negociação entre os agentes capazes de propiciarem o tratamento das perturbações que afetam o sistema de produção em tempo real. Como contribuindo associada, e proposta uma metodologia para a modelagem conceitual de sistemas multiagentes para o domínio das aplicações envolvendo modelagem de empresas. / The objective of this work is to propose an approach to the problem of dynamic resource allocation in production systems. A multi-agent reference architecture called M-DRAP - Multi-agent Dynamic Resource Allocation Planning - is specified and described in this thesis. The main contributions of this work are (i) the definition of a decentralised and distributed strategy for dynamic resource allocation planning, using a project oriented approach, (ii) the proposition of a social organisation based on marketoriented behaviour, which considers the necessity of each agent's local plan to converge to an adequate global plan in terms of production costs to the whole system, (iii) the definition of a multi-agent architecture inspired in the CIMOSA reference architecture representing a functional and organisational structure, (iv) the definition of a strategy based on negotiation which propitiates real-time disturbance treatment. As an associated contribution, we propose a methodology to multi-agent systems conceptual modelling adequate to the enterprise modelling domain.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma abordagem para o problema de alocação dinâmica de recursos em ambiente de produção baseada no paradigma de multiagentes. Para tanto, é especificada uma arquitetura multiagente genérica chamada M-DRAP - Multi-agent Dynamic Resource Allocation Planning, a partir da qual podem ser derivados modelos particulares. As principais contribuições deste trabalho compreendem: (i) a definição de uma estratégia que permita o planejamento dinâmico de cada recurso no atendimento as demandas das atividades de produção de forma descentralizada e distribuída, através de uma abordagem orientada a projeto; (ii) a proposição de uma organização social baseada em uma abordagem multiagente orientada a mercado, capaz de propiciar relações de negociação entre agentes autônomos no sentido de atenderem aos seus interesses individuais, contribuindo de forma efetiva para a satisfação dos objetivos e restrições temporais e de custos globais ao sistema de produção como um todo; (iii) a especificação de uma arquitetura multiagente derivada do CIMOSA, representando de forma consistente a estrutura funcional e organizacional de um sistema de produção; (iv) a definição de estratégias baseadas em negociação entre os agentes capazes de propiciarem o tratamento das perturbações que afetam o sistema de produção em tempo real. Como contribuindo associada, e proposta uma metodologia para a modelagem conceitual de sistemas multiagentes para o domínio das aplicações envolvendo modelagem de empresas. / The objective of this work is to propose an approach to the problem of dynamic resource allocation in production systems. A multi-agent reference architecture called M-DRAP - Multi-agent Dynamic Resource Allocation Planning - is specified and described in this thesis. The main contributions of this work are (i) the definition of a decentralised and distributed strategy for dynamic resource allocation planning, using a project oriented approach, (ii) the proposition of a social organisation based on marketoriented behaviour, which considers the necessity of each agent's local plan to converge to an adequate global plan in terms of production costs to the whole system, (iii) the definition of a multi-agent architecture inspired in the CIMOSA reference architecture representing a functional and organisational structure, (iv) the definition of a strategy based on negotiation which propitiates real-time disturbance treatment. As an associated contribution, we propose a methodology to multi-agent systems conceptual modelling adequate to the enterprise modelling domain.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma abordagem para o problema de alocação dinâmica de recursos em ambiente de produção baseada no paradigma de multiagentes. Para tanto, é especificada uma arquitetura multiagente genérica chamada M-DRAP - Multi-agent Dynamic Resource Allocation Planning, a partir da qual podem ser derivados modelos particulares. As principais contribuições deste trabalho compreendem: (i) a definição de uma estratégia que permita o planejamento dinâmico de cada recurso no atendimento as demandas das atividades de produção de forma descentralizada e distribuída, através de uma abordagem orientada a projeto; (ii) a proposição de uma organização social baseada em uma abordagem multiagente orientada a mercado, capaz de propiciar relações de negociação entre agentes autônomos no sentido de atenderem aos seus interesses individuais, contribuindo de forma efetiva para a satisfação dos objetivos e restrições temporais e de custos globais ao sistema de produção como um todo; (iii) a especificação de uma arquitetura multiagente derivada do CIMOSA, representando de forma consistente a estrutura funcional e organizacional de um sistema de produção; (iv) a definição de estratégias baseadas em negociação entre os agentes capazes de propiciarem o tratamento das perturbações que afetam o sistema de produção em tempo real. Como contribuindo associada, e proposta uma metodologia para a modelagem conceitual de sistemas multiagentes para o domínio das aplicações envolvendo modelagem de empresas. / The objective of this work is to propose an approach to the problem of dynamic resource allocation in production systems. A multi-agent reference architecture called M-DRAP - Multi-agent Dynamic Resource Allocation Planning - is specified and described in this thesis. The main contributions of this work are (i) the definition of a decentralised and distributed strategy for dynamic resource allocation planning, using a project oriented approach, (ii) the proposition of a social organisation based on marketoriented behaviour, which considers the necessity of each agent's local plan to converge to an adequate global plan in terms of production costs to the whole system, (iii) the definition of a multi-agent architecture inspired in the CIMOSA reference architecture representing a functional and organisational structure, (iv) the definition of a strategy based on negotiation which propitiates real-time disturbance treatment. As an associated contribution, we propose a methodology to multi-agent systems conceptual modelling adequate to the enterprise modelling domain.

Las Aplicaciones Web Adaptativas son sistemas Web que plantean una solución a esta problemática, mediante la adaptación automática del acceso a ítems de información, servicios e hiperlinks, en base a las características de los usuarios. El desarrollo de estos sistemas exige adoptar una aproximación ingenieril que facilite la especificación de las funcionalidades adaptativas a proveer, junto con las características de los usuarios en las cuales se basan dichas funcionalidades. La presente tesis introduce una aproximación al desarrollo de Aplicaciones Web Adaptativas desde una perspectiva dirigida por modelos. Esta aproximación integra prácticas tradicionales de desarrollo de Aplicaciones Web con conceptos de-nidos y probados por la comunidad de Hipermedia Adaptativa. Tomando como base el proceso de desarrollo de aplicaciones Web OOWS (Object Oriented Web Solutions), se defíne un conjunto de primitivas conceptuales que permiten expresar técnicas adaptativas a un alto nivel de abstracción. La definición de estas primitivas es respaldada por una propuesta de Modelado de Usuarios. Además, un conjunto de estrategias de modelado permite incorporar Métodos Adaptativos a los esquemas navegacionales de OOWS, en base a dichas primitivas. / Rojas Durán, GE. (2008). Modelling adaptive web applications in OOWS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2000 / Palancia

[EN] Software Engineering provides a repository of techniques, methods and tools to manage, process, use and exploit information. In recent decades, this corpus has not only been applied to domains that traditionally act as a receivers of software solutions, but also it has been expanded and enriched by contributions from other disciplines and domains with needs related to the information produced. One of the most common needs in these disciplines is the software assistance to experts or domain professionals in performing processes ranging from the analysis of raw gathered data to the generation of new knowledge based on these, thus allowing the continuous advance of the discipline. In order to assist knowledge generation processes through software, it is necessary a deep understanding of the Software Engineering corpus as well as the particularities of the domain assisted and how knowledge is generated inside it.This situation appears too in the Cultural Heritage domain, whose professionals produce and manage large amounts of data about evidences of our past and present, from which they create new knowledge that constitutes the knowledge about heritage of a particular community.Despite their relevance and the regular application of Software Engineering solutions to the Cultural Heritage domain, the knowledge generation process in Cultural Heritage poses a challenge for Software Engineering, mainly due to the low presence of formal studies of the process, making it difficult to assist it through software. The lack of formal studies implies that we do not know which particular processes in Cultural Heritage we must assist and what should be the appropriate assistance in each case. Furthermore, the Cultural Heritage domain and, in general, the humanities, possesses some particular characteristics that are especially difficult to deal with by software, such as the presence of high subjectivity, the fact that much information is uncertain or vague, and the importance of the temporal aspect in the information. In order to address these two challenges from a transdisciplinary perspective, this thesis presents a conceptual framework based on software models for the construction of software solutions to assist to the knowledge generation process in Cultural Heritage. Firstly, the thesis conducts a deep exploration of the knowledge generation processes in Cultural Heritage, whose inputs are mainly textual sources. As a result, the thesis proposes a methodology and a modelling language to use discourse analysis in Software Engineering. By using this approach, it is possible to relate elements of a text with the domain entities that are referenced and the argumentative mechanisms used during the knowledge generation process and captured in the text. Subsequently, the thesis proposes a conceptual framework whose implementation allows to manage the domain particularities mentioned above, providing a software assistance to the Cultural Heritage professionals through information visualization techniques.The proposed conceptual framework has been validated in two complementary ways. On the one hand, we have developed a full case study in the Cultural Heritage domain, for which we have instantiated all the software models proposed as part of the framework to represent a real-world scenario. This case study application has revealed the potential of the framework in terms of conceptual representation, technical support and software-assistance definition mechanisms.On the other hand, the proposed software models have been implemented as a functional iOS application prototype. The prototype has been validated empirically against professionals in Cultural Heritage, comparing the performance of knowledge generation processes using the proposed framework to the conventional ways without software assistance. The empirical validation has revealed how the proposed framework provides a robust solution for implementing software-assistance in Cultural Heritage. / [ES] La ingeniería del software ofrece un repositorio de técnicas, métodos y herramientas como soluciones para el manejo, tratamiento, uso y explotación de información. En las últimas décadas, este corpus no sólo ha sido aplicado a dominios tradicionalmente receptores de soluciones software, sino que se ha expandido y enriquecido con aportaciones de diversas disciplinas y dominios con necesidades relacionadas con la información que producen.Una de las necesidades más habituales es la asistencia a los profesionales de dichas disciplinas durante el proceso evolutivo que realizan desde el análisis de los datos más primarios hasta la generación de conocimiento nuevo que permita avanzar en la disciplina involucrada. Este es el caso del Patrimonio Cultural, cuyos profesionales producen y manejan ingentes cantidades de datos acerca de evidencias sobre nuestro pasado y presente, y desde los cuáles descubren y generan conocimiento nuevo, que supone la herencia cultural propia de una comunidad. Este conocimiento define la comunidad en el presente y es transmitido a las generaciones presentes y futuras. Pese a su relevancia y a la habitual aplicación de determinadas soluciones de ingeniería software en el dominio, el proceso de generación de conocimiento en Patrimonio Cultural representa en sí mismo un reto para la ingeniería del software, debido fundamentalmente a la poca presencia de estudios formales acerca del mismo, lo que dificulta su asistencia mediante software. Esto implica que no sabemos qué tipo de subprocesos debemos asistir mediante software ni cuál es la asistencia más adecuada. Además, el corpus actual en ingeniería del software debe soportar especificidades del dominio patrimonial y, en general, de las humanidades, como son la presencia de una alta subjetividad, el hecho de que mucha información es incierta o vaga, y la importancia del aspecto temporal en los datos. Con el objetivo de abordar estos dos retos desde una perspectiva co-investigadora y transdisciplinar, la presente tesis doctoral presenta un marco conceptual basado en modelos software para la construcción de soluciones software que asistan a la generación de conocimiento en Patrimonio Cultural. La tesis explora a fondo el proceso de generación de conocimiento en Patrimonio Cultural, cuyas fuentes eminentemente textuales han dado lugar a la propuesta de una metodología completa y un lenguaje de modelado para utilizar análisis del discurso en ingeniería del software. Esta propuesta permite que se puedan relacionar elementos de un texto con las entidades del dominio que se referencian, así como los mecanismos argumentativos que se emplean.Posteriormente, la tesis propone un marco conceptual completo cuya implementación permite gestionar las especificidades del dominio antes señaladas, ofreciendo una asistencia mediante técnicas de visualización de información software a los especialistas en Patrimonio Cultural. El marco conceptual propuesto ha sido validado de dos maneras complementarias. Por un lado, se ha desarrollado un caso de estudio patrimonial completo, para el cual se han implementado todos los modelos software del marco conceptual propuesto, representando un escenario de aplicación completo del mundo real. Este caso de estudio ha permitido comprobar la potencia del marco conceptual propuesto en cuanto a representación, soporte y definición de mecanismos de asistencia software. Por otro lado, los modelos software que conforman el marco conceptual propuesto han sido implementados en un prototipo funcional en forma de aplicación iOS. Esto ha permitido contar con una implementación real de asistencia software en Patrimonio Cultural. Dicha solución se ha validado empíricamente con profesionales del dominio, comparándola con los modos de generación de conocimiento habituales sin dicha asistencia.La validación empírica ha permitido comprobar cómo el marco propuesto constituye una solución sólida para la construcci / [CAT] L'enginyeria del programari ofereix un repositori de tècniques, mètodes i eines com a suport per la manipulació, tractament, ús i explotació d'informació. En les darreres dècades, aquest corpus no sols ha sigut aplicat a dominis tradicionalment receptors de solucions de programari, si no que s'han extés i enriquit amb aportacions des de diferents disciplines i dominis amb necessitats relacionades amb l'informació que produeixen. Una de les necessitats més habituals és l'assistència als professionals d'aquestes disciplines durant el procés evolutiu que realitzen des de l'anàlisi de les dades més primàries fins la generació de nou coneixement que permet avançar en la disciplina involucrada. Aquest és el cas del Patrimoni Cultural, el professionals del qual produeixen i manipulen grans quantitats de dades sobre evidències del nostre passat i present, i des de les quals descobreixen i generen nou coneixement, que suposa l'herència cultural pròpia d'una comunitat. A pesar de la seua relevància i a la normal aplicació de determinades solucions d'enginyeria de programari al domini, el procés de generació de coneixement en Patrimoni Cultural representa, en sí mateix, un repte per a l'enginyeria del programari, fonamentalment per la poca presència d'estudis formals sobre aquest domini, cosa que dificulta la seua assistència per programari. Açò implica que no sabem quin tipus de subprocessos hem d'assistir amb programari ni quina és l'assitència més adient. A més a més, el corpus actual en l'enginyeria del programari ha de suportar especifitats del domini patrimonial i, en general, de les humanitats, com són la presència d'una alta subjectivitat, i el fet que molta informació és incerta o imprescisa, o la importància de la dimensió temporal en les dades. Amb l'objectiu d'abordar aquestos dos reptes des d'una perspectiva de recerca colaborativa i transdisciplinar, aquesta tesi doctoral presenta un marc conceptual basat en models de programari per a la construcció de solucions de programari que assistisquen a la generació de coneixement en Patrimoni Cultural. En primer lloc, la tesi explora en profunditat el procés de generació de coneixement en Patrimoni Cultural, les fonts de les quals són majoritàriament textuals han sigut l'orige per a la proposta d'una metodologia completa i un llenguatge de modelatge per emprar anàlisi del discurs en enginyeria de programari. Aquesta proposta permet que es puguen relacionar elements d'un text amb les entitats del domini que es referencien, així com els mecanismes argumentatius que s'empren. Posteriorment, la tesi proposa un marc conceptual complet amb una implementació que permet gestionar les especificitats del domini abans esmentades, oferint una assistència mitjançant tècniques de visualització d'informació de programari als especialistes en Patrimoni Cultural.El marc conceptual proposat ha sigut validat de dues maneres complementàries. Per una banda, s'ha desenvolupat un cas d'estudi patrimonial complet, implementant tots els models de programari del marc conceptual proposat, representant un escenari d'aplicació complet del món real. Aquest cas d'estudi ha permés comprovar la potència del marc conceptual proposat en quant a la representació, suport i definició de mecanismes d'assistència de programari. Per una altra banda, els models de programari que conformen el marc conceptual proposat s'han implementat en un prototipus funcional en forma d'aplicació iOS. Aquest fet ha permés comptar amb una implementació real d'assistència de programari en Patrimoni Cultural. Aquesta solució s'ha validat empíricament amb professionals del domini, comparant-la amb els modes de generació de coneixement habituals sense aquesta assistència. La validació empírica ha permés comprovar com el marc conceptual proposat constitueix una solució sòlida per a la construcció, a partir dels models de programari especificats, dels sistemes de prog / Martín Rodilla, P. (2016). Software-Assisted Knowledge Generation in the Cultural Heritage Domain: A Conceptual Framework [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68496 / TESIS