Historic concrete fence posts were created in the early twentieth century. This study examined how they were constructed and who constructed them. A survey of Randolph county, Indiana was conducted in order to determine the possible construction methods. Literature sources indicate that farmers were encouraged to construct concrete posts on their own. The survey also points to the idea that historic concrete fence posts were created by the farmers who used them. While commercially manufactured posts exist in Randolph county, they are from a later date, and thus not the focus of this study. Interviews with members off the farming community also indicate that most farmers built their own concrete fence posts, from molds they also made. While many businesses and colleges promoted the use and construction of concrete fence posts, they were individually made to serve farmers' immediate and long term fencing needs. / Department of Architecture

Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o avanço nos estudos de parâmetros e procedimentos objetivos para avaliação estética de superfícies de concreto aparente e de materiais para preenchimento de lacunas neste material, de forma a atender requisitos especificados em projetos de conservação de edifícios modernos. Como objeto de estudo foi escolhido o Edifício Vilanova Artigas, sede da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, obra arquitetônica que apresenta as características que motivaram o assunto abordado. Pautada pelas diretrizes de conservação do patrimônio construído defendidas por entidades como o Conselho Internacional de Monumentos e Sítios, a reparação dos danos dessas superfícies deve manter a unidade estética da obra, reconhecida por sua cor, textura e forma. O trabalho experimental possibilitou a comparação entre as superfícies do concreto original e de amostras de argamassas cimentícias, elaboradas com diferentes traços, pigmentos, aditivos e proteção superficial. As avaliações de aparência se basearam em métodos comparativos de dados colorimétricos no sistema CIE L*a*b* e por método perceptual com base em escala tonal. As investigações de textura foram feitas com materiais aplicados sobre as superfícies das argamassas frescas e as de geometria por estudo analítico para reparos nas empenas do edifício estudado. / This work intends to contribute to the advancement in the study of objective parameters and procedures for aesthetic evaluation of apparent concrete surfaces and materials to fill gaps in this material, in order to meet the requirements specified in conservation projects of modern buildings. The object of study was the Vilanova Artigas Building, headquarters of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo, an architectural work that presents the characteristics that motivated the subject. Guided by the guidelines of conservation of the built heritage defended by entities like International Council of Monuments and Sites, the repair of the damages of these surfaces must maintain the aesthetic unity of the work, recognized by its color, texture and shape. The surfaces of the original concrete and samples of cement mortars, elaborated with different mix design, pigments, additives and surface protection were evaluated. The appearance evaluations were based on comparative methods of colorimetric data in the CIE system L * a * b * and by perceptual method based on tonal scale. The texture investigations were made with materials applied on the surfaces of the fresh mortars and those of geometry by analytical study for the conservation of the studied building.