The effectiveness and the sustainability of the Holy Roman Empire remained a subject of debate over the past two centuries. While nationalist historians derided the lack of centralized institutions, revisionist historians after the Second World War largely stressed the positive aspects of the Empire. The Reichskammergericht and the Reichshofrat were two of the institutions that experienced this positive reassessment. While most historians focused on the effectiveness of the Reich courts during the existence of the Empire, few have examined the perception of the courts immediately after the demise of the Empire in 1806. This thesis analyzes the perception of the courts through the eyes of leading politicians (including Humboldt, Hardenberg, and Stein) to reinforce the argument that these institutions were valued. Since the courts played a pivotal role in the Holy Roman Empire, it is more than likely that these individuals had a generally favorable view of the Holy Roman Empire as well. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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This diploma thesis studies in depth the progress and endings of both Napoleon's reigns in 1814 and 1815. The first chapter deals with belligerent campaigns in the beginning of 1814, with the first Napoleon's abdication and his deportation to Elba. His exile there is examined in the second chapter which shows his living on a small island in the Mediterranean sea. The third chapter takes place on the Continent again and describes Bonaparte's escape and his sequential armament within France including the view on Allies' forces and problems in Naples. The fourth chapter is genuinely military for it examines number of forces on both sides and mentions all three important battles. The last, fifth, chapter looks at the second Napoleon's abdication, at interlude since his departure for the South, entrance of Allies into Francie and return of Louis XVIII until Bonaparte's final embarking on a British vessel and his deportation to the island of Saint Helena. Key words: Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor, abdication, Elba island, The Congress of Vienna, Quatre Bras, Ligny, Waterloo, Gebhard von Blücher, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Joseph Fouché, Louis XVIII