This study investigates the market conditions under which the Greek manufacturing sectors operate, and provides a formal measurement and determination of the observed degree of rigidity in nominal prices using panel modelling techniques. Two parameters in particular are found to capture the essence of market imperfections and price rigidity arising from various sources: the first parameter is conjectural variation elasticity which defines the degree of market divergence from perfect competition; and the last parameter refers to the speed of price adjustment towards the equilibrium level, which is estimated along with a set of important factors that affect this parameter. The data sample of this research consists of 56 3-digit manufacturing sectors, as defined by Eurostat (NACErev2) over the period 1980-2012, while the econometrical approach mainly incorporates the Fixed and Random Effects Model for panel data. The estimation process is divided into four steps: in the first step, the degree of market power and the speed of price adjustment are estimated for the whole manufacturing industry; in the second step, the same process is reiterated for the 3-digit sectors individually; in the third step the estimations are conducted for each year over 1980-2012; in the last step, the effects of a set of variables on the speed of price adjustment are estimated in order to provide an adequate interpretation of how market imperfections and price rigidities can be formed and how they relate to each other. By using the Greek economy as a case study, the empirical results provide significant evidence of a degree of market power similar to the one of a duopoly accompanied by relatively slow price adjustment in the 56 manufacturing sectors and the 33 years over 1980-2012.

El comportamiento del sector bancario, en los últimos años, se ha determinado mediante indicadores no estructurales de competencia. Sin embargo, este comportamiento no ha sido evaluado diferenciando los diferentes segmentos del mercado de crédito, pese a la evidencia de disparidades en grados de concentración, costos e ingresos marginales proveniente de cada mercado. Por ende, el presente trabajo estima el poder de mercado para cada segmento y, se analiza las interacciones entre mercados, a través de un modelo de variaciones conjeturales, para ver si los movimientos iniciales de un mercado afectan el equilibrio de otro mercado. A raíz de ello, se determina que las firmas incrementan sus márgenes cuando reducen su participación en los segmentos mayoristas para incrementar su cuota de participación en los segmentos minorista. Dado que, la coyuntura macroeconómica en los últimos años, incentivo un mayor crecimiento. de la demanda interna de este tipo de créditos. / The performance of the banking sector in recent years has been determined by non-structural indicators of competition. However, this behavior has not been evaluated by differentiating the different segments of the credit market, despite evidence of disparities in concentration, costs, and marginal revenues from each market.   Therefore, this paper estimates the market power for each segment and analyzes the interactions between markets through a model of conjectural variations to see if the initial movements of one market affect the equilibrium of another market.  As a result, it is determined that firms increase their margins when they reduce their participation in the wholesale segments to increase their share in the retail segments. Given that the macroeconomic situation in recent years has encouraged greater growth in the domestic demand for this type of credit, we have found that firms increase their margins when they reduce their share in the wholesale segments to increase their share in the retail segments. / Trabajo de investigación