Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaf 74. / M.Arch.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Kenneth Wong. / M.C.P. / M.Arch.

Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaf 77. / by Michael B. Johnson. / M.Arch.

Lee, Chui Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / 提要 --- p.vi / Acknowledgement --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Urban Renewal and Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Blue House Complex Revitalization Project --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Fieldsite Specification: Why the Blue House Complex in Hong Kong? --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- Introduction of the Blue House Complex Community-led Conservation Movement --- p.16 / Chapter Chpater 2 --- Literature Review --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Construction of Heritage --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Uses of Heritage --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Community in Heritage Conservation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Politics in Heritage Conservation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5 --- Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong Urban Renewal --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Objectives and Methodology --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Ethical Concerns --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Blue House Complex --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1 --- History of Wan Chai --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- History of Stone Nullah Lane and the Blue House Complex --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Stone Nullah Lane --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- History of the Blue House Complex --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Architectural Features and Specific Lifestyles in the Blue House Complex --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- Lifestyle of Current Residents in the Blue House Complex --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Demographics of the Blue House Complex --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6 --- Economic Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.66 / Chapter 4.7 --- Social Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.70 / Chapter 4.8 --- Cultural Significance of the Blue House Complex --- p.76 / Chapter 4.9 --- Various Interpretations of the Blue House Complex --- p.78 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Interpretation of the Antiquities Advisory Board and Antiquities and Monuments Office --- p.78 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Interpretation of the Urban Renewal Authority and Hong Kong Housing Society --- p.81 / Chapter 4.9.3 --- "Interpretation of the Community, Including Locals and Other Outsiders" --- p.81 / Chapter 4.10 --- Chapter Summary --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Conservation of the Blue House Complex --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1 --- Interest Groups in the Blue House Complex Conservation Project --- p..86 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The Government and Local Authorities --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Residents and Local Businesses --- p.",91" / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Outside Volunteers --- p..96 / Chapter 5.2 --- Different Conservation Approaches to the Blue House Complex --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Government Authorities' Conservation Approach to the Blue House Complex --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Community´ةs Conservation Approach to the Blue House Complex --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- The Impact of the Mass Media on the Conservation of the Blue House Complex --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.111 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Politics in the Blue House Complex Conservation Project --- p.113 / Chapter 6.1 --- Possession of Power by Different Parties --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Negotiations inside the Local Community --- p.117 / Chapter 6.3 --- The Negotiations between the Local community and Outsiders --- p.118 / Chapter 6.4 --- The Negotiations of Interests between the Authorities and the Community --- p.126 / Chapter 6.5 --- The Networks among Conservation Activities and Dispositions from Them --- p.137 / Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.142 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Effects of the Blue House Complex Community-led Conservation Movement on the Local Community and Outside Volunteers --- p.138 / Chapter 7.1 --- Empowerment among the Outsiders and Locals --- p.144 / Chapter 7.2 --- Reflections of and Changes in the Participants --- p.148 / Chapter 7.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.158 / Chapter 8 Conclusion --- p.160 / References --- p.171

馬柏華. / "2011年6月". / "2011 nian 6 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-250). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ma Bohua. / 摘要 --- p.i-iii / 致謝 --- p.iv-vii / 目錄 --- p.viii / Chapter 第一章̐ı‘ --- 問題提出 --- p.1-14 / Chapter 1.1 --- 空間運動:一個困惑的現象及相關研究問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 研究問題的重要性及理論脈絡 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- 主要概念界定 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- 研究對象 --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- 研究的時間框架及事件 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二章̐ı‘ --- 文獻回顧一社會空間理論 --- p.15-38 / Chapter 2.1 --- 全球化理論 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- 後殖民理論 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- 後物質主義 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- 其他宏觀視角 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5 --- 理論的適用程度 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章̐ı‘ --- 研究方法和研究設計 --- p.39-56 / Chapter 3.1 --- "“共時"" (結構脈絡)與“歷時"" (歷史)並重的研究方法" --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- 採納解釋社會學的原則:盡量站在研究對象的立場作出詮釋 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- 厚度描述的運用 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- 原始資料的運用:口述歷史在本研究的優點、缺點與處理方法 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5 --- 選取受訪者策略及樣本合法性 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6 --- 次級資料:報章的報導、相關文章及政府文檔 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章̐ı‘ --- 外在結構性脈絡 --- p.57-104 / Chapter 4.1 --- 都市空間結構變遷:城市再發展階段的張力 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- 抗爭運動文化的全球化 --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- 全球化與在地知識分子運動:文他研究的傳人、嶺大文化研究系的確立及其影響 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4 --- 學生組織網絡 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.5 --- 高官問責制的推行 --- p.82 / Chapter 4.6 --- 資訊及溝通科技的普及化 --- p.85 / Chapter 4.7 --- 後殖民時期的經濟、政治與公民社會狀況 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.8 --- 地產霸權 --- p.97 / Chapter 第五章̐ı‘ --- 一場空間運動的爆發(個案部分一) --- p.105-134 / Chapter 5.1 --- 藝術行動者的行動 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2 --- 宵夜與新聞媒體的報導:首次注意天星事件 --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3 --- "何志平的“謊話"" .核心行動者初到現場" --- p.111 / Chapter 5.4 --- "“偽""行動者的態度、韓農抗爭文他與鷹派的行動" --- p.113 / Chapter 5.5 --- 衝人工地的過程 --- p.119 / Chapter 5.6 --- 保衛意識的誕生:共同社運經驗、天星碼頭的特質與成為主體的渴求 --- p.120 / Chapter 5.7 --- 政治團體與民間團體的缺席:實踐行動的空間 --- p.124 / Chapter 5.8 --- 手機短訊的發放、關條網絡與社運文化 --- p.125 / Chapter 5.9 --- 天星碼頭的拆卸經過:主體性的初現、行動者與空間的進一步扣連 --- p.127 / Chapter 第六章̐ı‘ --- 空間運動的延伸過程(個案部分二) --- p.135-171 / Chapter 6.1 --- 繼續行動的基礎 --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2 --- 天星運動的延續:皇后碼頭的捍衛 --- p.142 / Chapter 6.3 --- Actant的出現:行動意義的演化與本土行動的成立 --- p.143 / Chapter 6.4 --- 餘波:其他民間團體對的再度關注與政府的反應 --- p.147 / Chapter 6.5 --- 弱者的策略(一) :論述的誕生及挪用 --- p.149 / Chapter 6.6 --- 弱者的策略(二) :物質空間的挪用 --- p.163 / Chapter 6.7 --- 運動後期的經過 --- p.168 / Chapter 第七章̐ı‘ --- 空間運動的效果與研究總結 --- p.172-198 / Chapter 7.1 --- 延續?衰落? --- p.172 / Chapter 7.2 --- 政府架構、政策及行動者在觀念上的轉變 --- p.176 / Chapter 7.3 --- 研究結果 --- p.178 / Chapter 7.4 --- 社會空間理論的局限與研究貢獻 --- p.182 / Chapter 7.5 --- 研究展望 --- p.197 / 參考書目 --- p.199-251

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Beijing is the most important and dynamic city in China. A vital ingredient in that success has been its historic environment- its imperial palaces, its temples, its siheyuans, its hutongs- which provides the texture of the Old Beijing city. The historic environment is key to Beijing’s prosperity and a social asset of value. Nearly all the most prosperous and desirable areas in Beijing, the places where people most want to live, work and visit, are those where the historic environment is a dominant influence. The article, “World Heritage Areas: A Critical Analysis”, written by Peter Neville, Hadley in National Post Canada says: UNESCO's World Heritage List is intended to help preserve historic sites, but in China, inclusion on the list can be the kiss of death. The major "carrot" of heritage designation is the increased levels of tourism its prestige generates. Apparently, not only the designated heritage sites, but all the heritages are faced with the fate of being destroyed by tourism and development. Old buildings and lanes in Beijing never stop drawing visitors. The city, even the whole country is now proud of prosperous tourism which is always associated with ‘economic flourishing’. Virtually, every introduction tourism text contains at least one chapter discussing the social, cultural, and environmental impacts of tourism. This topic has also been the subject of extensive investigation in the academic literature. However, in regions that are undergoing rapid development and where an ethos of conservation has not been established, often surprising ignorance of the negative consequences of tourism exists. In China, the attitude is still that the benefits of economic development outweigh any adverse costs such development may have. However, such an attitude is now seen as being shortsighted. As a result, a more balanced approach to tourism is advocated, acknowledging both its beneficial and detrimental effects on host communities and their cultures. Conservation is about ensuring that we make the best use of our historic environment. It is a tool for managing change. Some still believe that conservation is simple about preserving the fabric of old buildings unchanged and developing the economic potential of tourism. They failed to see that conservation is an overarching work, the opposite of a wasteful society. It is easy to destroy - and today we have the tools, the money and the technology - but difficult to create. Cultural heritage, areas, landscapes and communities are a finite resource. Once lost they are lost forever. The purpose of conservation is to ensure that destruction is kept to a minimum while allowing creativity and innovation to flourish. We should preserve the town of the past for the man of the future. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

As the "Revolution" threatened Rome during the final decades of the Republic, the many landscapes of the city — built, intellectual, social and natural — became inextricably linked within a confused cultural matrix. Vitruvius was not simply observing a set of places; he was living within spaces that, while having lost many of their explicit meanings over time, contained within them implicit, albeit unclear, cultural codes for him to ponder. Vitruvius in fact was not describing Roman architecture as it was; he was describing it as he wished it to be. There are a host of reasons to question the physical exactitude of his examples and subsequent models: The vantage point of a single individual living within a specific place at a particular moment in time was, and continues to be, limited at best. There are geographical and architectural inaccuracies that leave the reader wondering if Vitruvius actually saw much of what was inserted within the treatise. And Vitruvius would have generalized in order to arrive at the broad sets of tenets contained in the books. The "looseness" characterizing the tenets of Vitruvius is precisely what has enabled imaginative interpretations over the centuries. By including drawings within translations, the classical imagination has become fused with memories of what monuments should look like. Linked to this, translated versions of Vitruvius' treatise can be usurped in order to connect ruins more closely to Roman architectural ideals than they may have been in the first place. The translation and annotation project of Jean Gardet and Dominique Bertin in the 1550s is an example of how the treatise of Vitruvius was attached, inextricably, to the antiquities of southern France. The habit of turning to the De Architectura in order to produce a body of archaeological knowledge and in turn to provide "proof for the architectural reconstruction of classical monuments has persisted. In the end, the monument can serve as confirmation for the translated text, and the text re-confirms the monument. In Orange, the use of the treatise by architects has been retraced to show that the reconstructed theater does not correspond, in its rebuilt state, to that which would have stood in its place. Eventually, the habit of turning to Vitruvius was adapted to such an extent that it practically became invisible, with architects and archaeologists turning to it with little thought as to its contextual validity. This is probably why we see so few explicit references to its use in the literature documenting the re-building of monuments; it is only by retracing field notes that the extent to which it was used, even relatively lately, can be assessed. At the same time, classical archaeology has — and continues to — direct its attention to deblayage, remaniements, consolidations and in time, la sauvegarde. The present-day impetus for these activities is closely connected to history, heritage and ultimately, the notion of patrimoine. The difficulty today is that the more we re-build, whether it be for basic cultural consumption or within grander state agendas, the recourse to producing related bodies of knowledge to justify architectural plans has the potential to increase significantly. The understanding of classical architecture within the context of history and heritage must be met by a corresponding comprehension of its temporal, formal and social nature; Vitruvius' words, as I have stressed, do not necessarily depict a material architecture. Vitruvius' architect lived within an urban setting that was highly dynamic and not necessarily readily interpreted. And while Republican spaces derived from a need for function, efficiency, beauty and representation, they were not necessarily or completely redesigned each time they were reused; they were often modified to suit. Notions related to specific and ideal spaces were most probably stored within the minds of the multifaceted designers to be shaped according to particular sets of pre-existing cultural and built conditions as well as geographical settings. And to these, the craftspeople would have added personal interpretations. Today the problems arise when architects and archaeologists, eager to convince themselves and others of their theoretic, forget that we simply do not know what memories resided in the mind of Roman architects.

This creative project consists of a historic sites and structures inventory and preservation planning recommendations for the town of Auburn, Indiana. It is prepared in a format similar to that of the Indiana Sites and Structures Inventories prepared for the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Office of Historic Preservation, by Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana. The text discusses the methodology used in the collection of the inventory data, the evaluation procedure and recommendations for the establishment of historic preservation districts, along with alternative methods for their implementation. The inventory data is organized by proposed districts, followed by a listing of most significant structures outside of the proposed districts.Also included, is a brief history of Auburn and a discussion of the predominate residential architectural styles as found in Auburn. Included in the Appendices are a complete listing of those areas of Auburn outside of the proposed historic districts identified; information on potential historic districts dating from the 1920's to 1930's; and planning data, which includes a summary of the current zoning ordinance, and population and housing data. / Department of Urban Planning