Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 259-263. / Architectural preservation in America has led to an increase in imitative architecture in many sectors of the profession and, as one architectural historian has pointed out, there is no historical precedent for imitative architecture. Fortunately, buildings can only rarely be preserved in a static form: they grow, evolve, and change in response to many circumstances. Too often the form of an addition or extension is determined by aligning cornice lines, using the same building materials, the same window and doors, and a similar roof structure. Essential formal issues are often not addressed. Four case studies are made, each being either an addition, an extension, or a transformation. Differing sizes and scales are explored. Accesses and circulation options are studied, as well as room sizes design decisions. Mostly drawings comprise the work, and they are additive form studies. / by Robert Peabody Brown, Jr. / M.Arch.

<p>There is an important potential for a development of a building system, if the present AACblock plants are completed with high performance concrete and pre-stressing technique. This can be done as a continuation of a present AAC production or in a site factory.</p><p>Hybrid cooperation between AAC and concrete is not a new technology. Traditionally, AAC is covered with rendering. The wetted material is first sprayed with cement slurry after which comes lime/cement-based rendering which strengthens the wall and supplies a mechanical protection. AAC blocks can be used as infill members in concrete deck plates and concrete framed walls (Hellers, 1993), in which the shrinkage of the surrounding concrete locks completely the cured blocks into a stable composite.</p><p>A good cooperation between AAC and concrete is a requirement for the pre-stressed hybrid. This combination has been investigated with reference to bond and moisture content. The interface must have sufficient bond to supply shear strength to the structural member. Also, the concrete should be suitable for pre-stressing which requires a minimum strength class K40. Here, K60 is applied in order to reduce creep and avoid creep failure of the AAC. A production layout for the purpose is suggested.</p><p>This research consists of three parts:</p><p>1- Hybrid concrete elements The principal formulation of hybrids, built on cooperation between two concrete materials, a weak AAC and a strong HPC poured on top, shows that this combination unites the most favourable qualities of the two concretes into a structural element with rational building technology.</p><p>Load-bearing capacity is good, and the fire protection is excellent. Through pre-stressing of the structural concrete, a crack-free behaviour is guaranteed up to the service limit, and deflection from dead weight (incl. floor covering and possibly half the service load) be eliminated. The most important structural elements needed in a building system could be taken as hybrids. In drawings, different members like floor- roof- and wall members, window and door lintels are shown.</p><p>2- Production system for hybrids AAC blocks form a bed containing the pre-stressing steel in slits and on which high performance concrete is poured. Pre-stressing brings the two concretes together. This is especially important for the shear capacity of a building member, by which extra dowels can be omitted. The pre-stressing force is anchored by plates directly against the cured AAC blocks. A special pre-stressing bed is not required. The production is arranged in such a way that necessary equipment (trays, form strips, wedges, locks) are circulated within twenty-four hours. The necessary manpower for this facility is analysed. Normally 8 men are needed per shift.</p><p>A detailed conceptual production layout for a hybrid production plant is included for discussion. See figure 6.2 (suggested production layout).</p><p>3- Application in building The hybrid members are united at joints and through seams. Continuity over connections is achieved by filling seams with mortar grout. Reinforcement may be included to achieve ductility. By a similar method, it is possible to make connections between horizontal and vertical building members. Common connection details are shown in the report. This building method replaces the equivalent method with concrete or AAC members, and it is in fact a coordination between these two.</p><p>The maximum span of floor members is up to 9 m. It makes the system suitable for modern residential house production, but also suitable for office buildings, industrial halls and other applications. See attached drawings, part 2 and part 3.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of West Florida, 2007. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 117 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, December 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 18, 2010). "School of Earth and Environmental Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-29).

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Hong Kong has long been establishing as a multicultural society, where people of different nationalities sharing diverse beliefs gather to pursue their dreams. As a utopian society is yet an ideal, when one uncovers the veil of this ever developing city, the neglect of religious minorities and their culture is still a common phenomenon. Being one of the religious minorities that are overlooked in Hong Kong, Muslims occupy merely about 1.3% of Hong Kong’s population in 2007. Besides Chinese, they include Indians, Indonesians, Malaysians, Pakistanis as well as Muslims from Middle Eastern and African countries. Their presence can best be reflected by the existence of mosques on both the Hong Kong Island and in the Kowloon Peninsula. The majority of Hong Kong people, who are non-Muslims, pay so little or even no attention to the mosques, Muslims’ central focus of religious and social lives, in spite of some of their existence for over half a century. Five mosques can be found in Hong Kong. Besides the Kowloon Mosque and Islamic Centre situated in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, four other mosques are all located on the Hong Kong Island, including Jamia Mosque in Central, Masjid Ammar & Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre in Wan Chai, Cape Collinson Masjid in Chai Wan and Stanley Mosque in Stanley. In this dissertation, Stanley Mosque is particularly selected for study as it is unique in ways which deserves a comprehensive understanding. Not merely is it the only mosque situated inside a prison in Hong Kong which implies a worth knowing story behind, rarity of records about the Mosque also signifies the necessity of an immediate study so as to discover and retain valuable information, especially the primary sources. The recent designation of Stanley Mosque as a proposed Grade I historic building in Hong Kong by the Antiquities Advisory Board on 19th March 2009 constitutes another strong reason for a comprehensive study as the designation indicates a potential change on the community’s attitude towards the recognition of this Islamic built heritage. Focus of this dissertation is on the cultural significance of Stanley Mosque, in which all its cultural heritage values are identified. While traditional approach mainly focuses on historical and architectural aspects of mosques in analysis, value-centred management approach is adopted in this dissertation to remedy this inadequacy and cover as well social aspects of Stanley Mosque, since it is a cultural identity for the Muslim community in Hong Kong. In addition to the traditional values including historical and aesthetic / architectural values, contemporary values comprising social, symbolic, spiritual and identity values are also derived from the analysis of Stanley Mosque adopting the value-centred management approach. More important, statement of significance of the Mosque is laid to explain in precise its cultural heritage values and character-defining elements (CDEs). As one of the historic buildings in Hong Kong, Stanley Mosque cannot be detached from the ongoing related policies and measures. Based on the cultural significance as identified, a territory level assessment of Stanley Mosque through the current historic buildings assessment and grading system in Hong Kong is carried out, aiming at a review on the assessment criteria of historic buildings. In addition to the current challenges, future of the Mosque are as well mentioned in the end, since this dissertation is not merely a documentation of the Mosque, but also a way forward, providing guidance for parties to be involved in any future intervention of the Mosque. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

 Having been a colony of the British, a country with Anglicanism as the national religion, Hong Kong had opened her door to the missionaries. It was believed that the fusion of Chinese tradition and Christianity facilitated the local Chinese to accept this imported system of religion. Some churches in Hong Kong were built with Chinese traditional elements, a blend of Chinese and Western cultures, in order to attract the local Chinese and break the ice between East and West. The architectural design of the church buildings echoed the Chinese indigenous church movement in the 1920s. These buildings in Hong Kong were distinctive. In this study, we look into the historical background of Holy Trinity Church at Kowloon City, Hong Kong, try to know more about the relationship between her and the development of Christianity in Hong Kong and China that may influence the concept of using Chinese traditional elements in her church building. By reading the selected symbols in the Church, cloud motif, red colour, scroll, bamboo, we study the dialogue between Christianity and the Chinese culture. The intention of using Chinese traditional elements in an Anglican church demonstrates an open mind to start the conversation between cultures. The use of Chinese traditional elements in Holy Trinity Church, that is, the fusion of meaning of symbol, is one of the presentations of the influence of the Indigenization to the Church. Studying the symbols is the reading of the dialogue between cultures. The symbols in Holy Trinity Church are not only the bridge between God and the world, but also the bridge between Christianity and Chinese culture. It is expected that this study, at the first stage of a conservation plan – understand the site, forms the basis for establishing the cultural heritage values of Holy Trinity Church. The Church demonstrates the folk wisdom of Hong Kong local Chinese. This is a more adoptive approach to Chinese culture, a successful marriage of Chinese tradition and Christianity, an achievement of the local Christians. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

As a city that has played an important part in the industrialization process of the country, Wuxi owns many abandoned and dilapidated industrial plants in the inner city. The successful conservation cases of Shanghai’s industrial heritages really enlightened the Wuxi Municipal Government, which was also searching for ways to push forward economic restructuring while facing a land shortage in the city. Founded in 1919 by the well-known Chinese entrepreneurs the Rong brothers, the original No.3 Shenxin Factory used to be the biggest spinnery manufacturer in Wuxi. Then, in 2005, as the factory was transferred to industrial estate in suburban area, the original site became abandoned. Two years later, the original factory site was listed as industrial heritage of Wuxi and leased to the Hong Kong developer SPGland at the same time. The urban redevelopment project of Xi Shui Dong Factory (former No.3 Shenxin Factory) started in 2008. Kokaistudios was appointed by SPGland to lead the architectural conservation part. As a typical property developer-led conservation project in the heart of a redevelopment area including a number of high density residential towers and commercial centres, the Xi Shui Dong Factory project offers a challenge to the designers. The problem is which approach of conservation they should take and how they should deal with the relationship between the old buildings and the newly built ones. The dissertation focuses on the detailed study of a factory complex in the site and tries to analyze issues concerning the conservation of the factory complex in the context of the urban regeneration. At the same time it also brings to light the relative merits between property developer-led and culture-led conservation efforts. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

In recent years, the general public and the government are becoming more aware about heritage conservation, not only the built heritage, but also its intangible cultural aspects after the controversies of the demolition of Lee Tung Street (Wedding Street) in Wan Chai, Star Ferry and Queen’s Pier in Central. People realize that the understanding of a place of heritage value should not be confined to the tangible built or physical elements, but should also include the community life, unique living habit, the emotional attachment to the place, or in short the intangible social significance, which cannot be easily qualified. “Dai Pai Dong” as a local culture forming part of the urban fabric. With only 28 numbers left in Hong Kong, “Dai Pai Dong” is a form of collective attachment of the community, however, its social value, which is abstract, non-physical, difficult to explain and few people can understand, has hardly been assessed or recorded systematically. This research aims to find out what the relevant data is and how to qualify and assess the people’s perception for the social significance of “Dai Pai Dong” in an urban development context, using the Dai Pai Dongs at Stanley Street as case study. The relevant data collected in the research forms a base and can be further used to provide references for cultural resources management, conservation management plan, and policy or decision making, which are brought out for readers’ further thinking. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

“The historic environment is part of everyday life. It is accessible to everyone. It is around us every time we travel to work, drive to the supermarket or go to school. Studying it, being able to read and interpret it, enriches people’s lives as much as literature, music, or history. Access creates interest, interest stimulates understanding, understanding brings enjoyment, enjoyment leads to commitment. All contribute to the quality of life.” Alison Hems (Blockley 2006: 5) What Alison said above is really the author’s passion to study the Architectural Conservation Programme (ACP) and the aspiration for writing this dissertation. The Pak Tai Temple in Wan Chai is a heritage place in urban area where it is accessible to every one. However, many people live in Wan Chai do not know the Temple. As a novice of architectural conservation, the author attempts to explore the tangibles as well as intangibles on a fundamental basis to collect all available data and information for this research. As far as possible, the author collects the primary information from the temple keeper, the local residents, worshippers and other stakeholders. At the same time, the author searches archival documents from public library websites as well as historic records from the Hong Kong Public Records Office. The author hopes that this dissertation would not be an inventory record of the Pak Tai Temple on architecture. He wants it to be a collection of real life stories about the activities occurred in the Temple and its neighbouring community. It is the stories about the people and the changing social life here composite the heritage of the Temple. Of course, the essential tangible items for heritage conservation have been recorded in details. The author regrets that he is not a graduate of architecture, so this dissertation will not provide too much technical information. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation