Big data is a developing term that describes any large amount of structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information. To store this type of large amounts of data, cloud storage systems are necessary. These cloud storage systems are developed such that they are capable of keeping the data accessible and available to the users over a network. To store big data new platforms are required. Some of the popular big data platforms are Mongo, Cassandra and Hadoop. In this thesis we used Cassandra database system because it is a distributed database and also open source. Cassandra’s architecture is master less ring design that is easy to setup and easy to maintain. Apache Cassandra is a highly scalable distributed database designed to handle big data management with linear scalable and seamless multiple data center deployment. It is a NoSQL database system which allow schema free tables so that a data item could have a variable set of columns unlike in relational databases. Cassandra provides with high scalability with no single point of failure. For the past few years’ container based virtualization has been evolving rapidly. Container based virtualization such as LXC have been focused here. Linux Containers (LXC) is an operating system level virtualization method for running multiple isolated Linux systems on a single control host. It does not resemble a virtual machine, but provides a virtual environment that has its own CPU, memory, network, etc. space and the resource control mechanism. In this thesis work performance of Apache Cassandra database has been analyzed between bare metal and Linux Containers(LXC). A three node Cassandra cluster has been created on both bare metal and Linux container. Assuming one node as seed and Cassandra stress utility tool has been used to test the load of Cassandra cluster. The performance of Cassandra cluster database has been evaluated in bare metal and Linux Container which is the goal of this thesis work. Linux containers (LXC) are deployed in all the servers. A three node Cassandra database cluster has been created in these servers and also in Linux Container(LXC). Port forwarding is the technique used here for making communication between Cassandra in LXC which is the goal of this thesis work. The performance metrics which determine the performance of Cassandra cluster database are selected according to it. The network configuration parameters are changed according to the behavior of Cassandra. By doing changes in these parameters Cassandra starts running according to the required configuration, after this Cassandra cluster performance will be analyzed. This is done with different write, read and mixed load operations and compared with Cassandra cluster performance on bare metal. The results of the thesis show an analysis of measurements of performance metrics like CPU utilization, Disk throughput and latency while running on Cassandra cluster in both bare metal and Linux Containers. A quantitative and statistical analysis of performance of Cassandra cluster is compared. The physical resources utilized by the Cassandra database on native bare metal and Linux Containers (LXC) is similar. According to the results, CPU utilization is more for Cassandra database in Linux Containers. Disk throughput is also more in Linux Containers except in the case of 66% load write operation. Bare metal has less latency compared to Linux Containers in all the scenarios.

"This study considers the flammability hazard associated with the pouring of gasoline from a portable gasoline container (PGC) in an area containing a potential ignition source. In this scenario a flame may propagate into the PGC and cause an explosion if a flammable environment exists along the length of the pour spout and into the PGC headspace. In order to quantify this hazard, experiments are conducted to measure the flammable vapor concentration within this area under various conditions of temperature, liquid volume, and container pour angle. It is found that liquid fuel volumes as high as 30 mL in a 5-gallon PGC are capable of producing a flammable vapors within the PGC headspace. Finally, a mathematical model is presented to predict the flammability hazard under various conditions."

No description available.

<p>Företag x fungerar som en knytpunkt ur ett logistikperspektiv på orten och här sammanstrålar mycket av godsflödena som kommer eller avgår med båt. Stora delar av exportflödena består av stål och trä där stora importflöden i huvudsak består av kaffe och olja.</p><p>Nulägessituationen är som sådan att det är en ojämn fördelning andel importflöden med container jämfört med exportflödet. Skälet är att vi befinner oss på en plats med mycket tillverkande industrier som exporterar varor ut i världen. Resultatet av detta är att andelen import via Företag xs containerterminal är 25% jämfört med 75% i export. Ett problem som uppstår i samband med detta är att tomma containrar måste skeppas till Företag x för att möta den, i nuläget, större andelen export. Att skeppa tomma containrar är kostsamt och icke önskvärt. Önskvärt är emellertid nu att på olika sätt stimulera aktörer att använda Företag x som anlöp och därmed plana ut en ojämn fördelning på godsflöden till och ifrån regionen.</p><p>Person X, vid Företag x är marknadsdirektör och arbetar kontinuerligt med frågor av typen ovan. Syftet med arbetet är att göra Företag x med attraktiv som hamn, där man vill få kunderna att inse fördelar med att med att komma till Företag x. Omfattande investeringar görs för att Företag x ska kunna erbjuda kunderna, rederierna, tjänster och kapacitet som skulle resultera i att allt fler väljer att importera gods via Företag x. I nuläget är Göteborgs hamn den största i Sverige, Företag x är den tredje största.</p><p>På uppdrag av Företag x och Person X har vi fått i uppdrag att kartlägga importflöden på regionen som begränsas från Stockholm till Östersund som nordligaste punkt. Regionens omfattning är framtagen i samråd med Person X och syftar till att innefatta de geografiska slutdestinationer för gods som passerar Företag x. Mycket av det gods som hamnar inom den avgränsade regionen kommer emellertid från andra hamnar i Sverige också.</p><p>Person X är alltså intresserad av varuflöden som kommer till regionen, och avser att använda resultatet av vår studie som grund för vidare utredning av nulägetssituationen och möjligheter att sätta in insatser för att stimulera importflöden via Företag x, med container.</p><p>Slutsatsen vi gjort är att godsflöden följer generellt befolkning och inkomst. Vi har dessutom gjort slutsatsen att importflöden generellt ökat de senaste åren. </p> / <p>The function of port Gavle is to act as a hub in a logistic point of view within this region and so on in this territory commodity pass by or arrive by boat. A great deal of export spate contain steel and wood when mostly import consist of coffee and oil.</p><p>The current situation is an uneven divided proportion import compare to export torrents by container. The reason is that our current location is dominated by large productive industries exporting a great deal of gods throughout the world. And so for that reason the share of import by port Gavle is 25% weight against 75% export. The problem been discovered in relation to this issue is the need of empty containers required and therefore needed to be shipped at port of Gavle to satisfy, in this current situation, the greater deal of export torrents. Shipping empty containers party costly and not to strive for. However it’s desirable to stimulate players within the market to explore port Gavle and subsequently even out the balance of torrents arriving and departing this region.</p><p>Person X, at port Gavle acting as the director of market and continuously are working with issues as the ones mentioned above. The purpose is to make port Gavle more attractive to customers, when they aim to convince customers of the benefits of choosing port Gavle. Extensive investments has been made in order for port Gavle to be able to offer customers, the shipping companies, services and capacity which would result in increasing number of collaborations. For now, port Gothenburg is the leading player regarding container torrents in Sweden, and port Gavle is the third in order. </p><p>The task given to us by Person X to make a survey of import torrents in this region limited from Stockholm to Östersund as the northernmostly location. Précising this region has been done in consultation with Person X and its purpose is to include the most common destinations for goods passing port Gavle. Meanwhile a lot of goods are reaching this region from other ports in Sweden also.</p><p>Person X was therefore interested in torrents of goods arriving in this region, and intend to use the result of this study for further investigation of the current situation and possibilities to place resources  with the objective to gain import through port Gavle, with containers. </p><p>Our conclusion is that import torrents is aligned with population and income. We also found out that in general import has increased through the last years.</p>

Globalization and containerization have changed the shipping industry and carriers are challenged to reshape their operational planning in order to maintain their market share. The objective of this paper is to formulate a model to determine the optimal fleet size and sailing frequency that minimizes total shipping and inventory (wait) costs for a container shipping company. The proposed model assumes an arrival process that follows a Poisson rate. We first consider unlimited ship capacity and propose a solution to determine the required fleet size and the optimal sailing frequency. We then extend the work to consider limited ship capacity. Furthermore, we introduce a cost component associated with outsourcing shipments due to insufficient capacity. The outsourced shipment is utilized when the number of containers at a port exceeds the available capacity. In the general case, a closed form solution could not be derived. Therefore, a simulation study is undertaken to analyze optimal fleet sizing, scheduling, and outsourcing policies under varying paramaters. Our study investigates the trade-off between building capacity and outsourcing in the context of cargo shipment. The model proves to be a reliable tool to determine optimal delay time at ports and optimal fleet size.

No description available.

Företag x fungerar som en knytpunkt ur ett logistikperspektiv på orten och här sammanstrålar mycket av godsflödena som kommer eller avgår med båt. Stora delar av exportflödena består av stål och trä där stora importflöden i huvudsak består av kaffe och olja. Nulägessituationen är som sådan att det är en ojämn fördelning andel importflöden med container jämfört med exportflödet. Skälet är att vi befinner oss på en plats med mycket tillverkande industrier som exporterar varor ut i världen. Resultatet av detta är att andelen import via Företag xs containerterminal är 25% jämfört med 75% i export. Ett problem som uppstår i samband med detta är att tomma containrar måste skeppas till Företag x för att möta den, i nuläget, större andelen export. Att skeppa tomma containrar är kostsamt och icke önskvärt. Önskvärt är emellertid nu att på olika sätt stimulera aktörer att använda Företag x som anlöp och därmed plana ut en ojämn fördelning på godsflöden till och ifrån regionen. Person X, vid Företag x är marknadsdirektör och arbetar kontinuerligt med frågor av typen ovan. Syftet med arbetet är att göra Företag x med attraktiv som hamn, där man vill få kunderna att inse fördelar med att med att komma till Företag x. Omfattande investeringar görs för att Företag x ska kunna erbjuda kunderna, rederierna, tjänster och kapacitet som skulle resultera i att allt fler väljer att importera gods via Företag x. I nuläget är Göteborgs hamn den största i Sverige, Företag x är den tredje största. På uppdrag av Företag x och Person X har vi fått i uppdrag att kartlägga importflöden på regionen som begränsas från Stockholm till Östersund som nordligaste punkt. Regionens omfattning är framtagen i samråd med Person X och syftar till att innefatta de geografiska slutdestinationer för gods som passerar Företag x. Mycket av det gods som hamnar inom den avgränsade regionen kommer emellertid från andra hamnar i Sverige också. Person X är alltså intresserad av varuflöden som kommer till regionen, och avser att använda resultatet av vår studie som grund för vidare utredning av nulägetssituationen och möjligheter att sätta in insatser för att stimulera importflöden via Företag x, med container. Slutsatsen vi gjort är att godsflöden följer generellt befolkning och inkomst. Vi har dessutom gjort slutsatsen att importflöden generellt ökat de senaste åren. / The function of port Gavle is to act as a hub in a logistic point of view within this region and so on in this territory commodity pass by or arrive by boat. A great deal of export spate contain steel and wood when mostly import consist of coffee and oil. The current situation is an uneven divided proportion import compare to export torrents by container. The reason is that our current location is dominated by large productive industries exporting a great deal of gods throughout the world. And so for that reason the share of import by port Gavle is 25% weight against 75% export. The problem been discovered in relation to this issue is the need of empty containers required and therefore needed to be shipped at port of Gavle to satisfy, in this current situation, the greater deal of export torrents. Shipping empty containers party costly and not to strive for. However it’s desirable to stimulate players within the market to explore port Gavle and subsequently even out the balance of torrents arriving and departing this region. Person X, at port Gavle acting as the director of market and continuously are working with issues as the ones mentioned above. The purpose is to make port Gavle more attractive to customers, when they aim to convince customers of the benefits of choosing port Gavle. Extensive investments has been made in order for port Gavle to be able to offer customers, the shipping companies, services and capacity which would result in increasing number of collaborations. For now, port Gothenburg is the leading player regarding container torrents in Sweden, and port Gavle is the third in order.  The task given to us by Person X to make a survey of import torrents in this region limited from Stockholm to Östersund as the northernmostly location. Précising this region has been done in consultation with Person X and its purpose is to include the most common destinations for goods passing port Gavle. Meanwhile a lot of goods are reaching this region from other ports in Sweden also. Person X was therefore interested in torrents of goods arriving in this region, and intend to use the result of this study for further investigation of the current situation and possibilities to place resources  with the objective to gain import through port Gavle, with containers.  Our conclusion is that import torrents is aligned with population and income. We also found out that in general import has increased through the last years.

A floating quay container terminal is used for loading or unloading from container ships from both sides of a floating quay. The side-by-side Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) offloading operation from floating terminals to LNG carriers is very similar to that from super-container ships to floating quay-walls. The hydrodynamic interaction effects among a fixed quay, container ship and floating quay, which are parallel to one another, are investigated. The three body side-by-side arrangement is compared with the individual freely floating body in the absence/presence of the fixed quay to identify the interaction effects. Hydrodynamic coefficients of the interacting bodies are obtained using a three dimensional constant panel method, WAMIT. Using a vessel-lines coupled dynamic analysis computer program WINPOST, the relative motion between floating quay and container ship is simulated in time domain. It is assumed in the present study that the floating quay is positioned by a dolphin mooring system. This analysis provides the relative motion among container ship, fixed and floating quay to ascertain that container loading and offloading can be performed in the severe wave condition without any problem.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Efficient and effective berth allocation is essential to guarantee high container throughput in a container terminal. Modern mega-terminals are usually comprised of multiple disjointed berths. However, this type of Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) has not attracted a lot of attention from the academic world due to its great complexity. This research develops new methodologies for solving complex BAPs, in particular, BAPs involving quay crane scheduling in a multiple-berth environment. This research develops a mathematical model and a new Branch and Price algorithm (B&P) which hybridizes the column generation approach and the Branch and Bound method (B&B) to generate optimal multiple-berth plans (MBAP) within acceptable time limits. A new exact algorithm based on the label-correcting concept is designed to obtain all potential columns by defining a new label structure and dominance rules. To accelerate the generation of columns, two heuristics are proposed to distribute vessels among berths and to establish the handling sequence of the vessels allocated to each berth. An early termination condition is also developed to avoid the “tailing off effect” phenomenon during column generation process. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by solving a set of randomly generated test problems. Since the Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) and the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem (QCSP) strongly interact, this research also studies the Simultaneous Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Scheduling Problem (BAQCSP). An advanced mathematical model and a new hybrid meta-heuristic GA-TS algorithm which is based on the concept of Genetic Algorithm (GA) are developed to solve the proposed BAQCSP effectively and efficiently. A new crossover operation inspired by the memory-based strategy of Tabu Search (TS) and the mutation operation are implemented to avoid premature convergence of the optimization process. The local search ability of TS is incorporated into the mutation operation to improve the exploitation of the solution space. Comparative experiments are also conducted to show the superiority of the performance of the proposed GA-TS Algorithm over the B&B and the canonical GA. Furthermore, this research extends the scope of BAQCSP to consider the Simultaneous Multiple-berth Allocation and Quay Crane Scheduling Problem (MBAQCSP). A MBAQCSP model is developed consisting of various operational constraints arising from a wide range of practical applications. Since MBAQCSP combines the structures of both MBAP and BAQCSP, the exact B&P proposed for solving MBAP can be modified to optimally solve MBAQCSP. However, the calculation time of B&P increases significantly as the V/B ratio (i.e., vessel number to berth number) grows. In order to eliminate this shortcoming, this research develops a GA-TS Aided Column Generation Algorithm which hybridizes the GA-TS Algorithm proposed for solving BAQCSP with the Column Generation Algorithm to locate the optimal or near optimal solutions of MBAQCSP. The computational results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm locates excellent near optimal solutions to all test problems within acceptable time limits, even problems with high V/B ratios. Finally, this research also shows that the proposed GA-TS Aided Column Generation Algorithm can be easily modified to solve MBAP efficiently. / published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy