<p>This research concerns exploiting knowledge of the user's environment (i.e., context information) to enrich a user's communication making it more personal, by ensuring that the user receives only relevant messages and calls in his/her current context, and to facilitate more opportunities for communication interactions with people that are in the same context and that share the same interests as this user. We describe in this licentiate thesis the concepts of context-addressed messaging and context-aware session control that enable users to: (1) send messages to others based on their context, rather than their network address and (2) to initiate, adapt, and terminate user's communication sessions based on this user's current context, respectively. These concepts address questions such as: how to discover, select, and switch to an optimal communication means to meet varying user, contextual, communication, and device resource requirements and preferences. A key to solving these problems is to create a representation of the user's context-dependent preferences and to process the user's context-dependent preferences which are part of context triggers. These context triggers can initiate a communication event upon a particular context update. Additionally, in order to provide the described context-aware communication functions, these mechanisms need timely access to the acquired (desired) context information. This in turn raises a plethora of other questions, such as how to discover sensors that provide the desired context information; how to acquire raw context data from these sensors; how to abstract, process, and model this data to become "understandable" to applications and system components; and how to distribute this context to applications that are running on different nodes.</p><p> </p><p>This research is split into three different parts. The first part concerns investigating and implementing context management functions. As part of this research we propose a novel approach for context synthesis using context operators. We also propose a design architecture for context-aware middleware that mediates between the sensors and applications, and that is able to share and retrieve context from other nodes in the network. The second part of our research concerns our proposed mechanism for context-addressed messaging. To implement this mechanism we designed our own message format, called the Common Profile for Context-Addressed Messaging (CPCAM) that is able to use any high level context to compose a context-based address. Additionally, we proposed to use context-based filtering to find the correct message recipients and determine if this message is relevant to these potential message recipients in their current context, as well as to deliver this message to the recipients' preferred device that is adapted using their preferred communication means. At the end of this second part we design context-addressed messaging system operations on top of a SIP and SIMPLE-based network infrastructure. The third part of our research describes context-aware session control mechanisms using context switch and context trigger constructs. A context-switch selects an action from a set of context-dependent actions upon an incoming communication event based on the receiver's current context. In contrast, a context trigger initiates an action based on a context update and the user's preferences that are specified in this updated context. This part illustrates in several examples the context-aware session control mechanisms, i.e. the initiation of a communication session based on the match of a user's preferences and current context, as well as adaptation and (if necessary) termination of an ongoing communication session based upon the user's context-dependent preferences.</p><p> </p><p>The research leading to this licentiate has created network and system level models necessary for implementation of a context-addressed communication system that would enable users to easily design their own personalized, context-aware communication services. The necessary constructs and properties of these models are designed and analyzed in the thesis, as well as in conference papers and other documents published in the process of doing the research for this thesis. A number of remaining open issues and challenges have been outlined as part of the future work.</p><p> </p> / EU FP6 MIDAS (Middleware Platform for Developing and Deploying Advanced Mobile Services) / EU FP6 MUSIC (Self-adapting Applications for Mobile Users In Ubiquitous Computing Environments)

This research concerns exploiting knowledge of the user's environment (i.e., context information) to enrich a user's communication making it more personal, by ensuring that the user receives only relevant messages and calls in his/her current context, and to facilitate more opportunities for communication interactions with people that are in the same context and that share the same interests as this user. We describe in this licentiate thesis the concepts of context-addressed messaging and context-aware session control that enable users to: (1) send messages to others based on their context, rather than their network address and (2) to initiate, adapt, and terminate user's communication sessions based on this user's current context, respectively. These concepts address questions such as: how to discover, select, and switch to an optimal communication means to meet varying user, contextual, communication, and device resource requirements and preferences. A key to solving these problems is to create a representation of the user's context-dependent preferences and to process the user's context-dependent preferences which are part of context triggers. These context triggers can initiate a communication event upon a particular context update. Additionally, in order to provide the described context-aware communication functions, these mechanisms need timely access to the acquired (desired) context information. This in turn raises a plethora of other questions, such as how to discover sensors that provide the desired context information; how to acquire raw context data from these sensors; how to abstract, process, and model this data to become "understandable" to applications and system components; and how to distribute this context to applications that are running on different nodes.   This research is split into three different parts. The first part concerns investigating and implementing context management functions. As part of this research we propose a novel approach for context synthesis using context operators. We also propose a design architecture for context-aware middleware that mediates between the sensors and applications, and that is able to share and retrieve context from other nodes in the network. The second part of our research concerns our proposed mechanism for context-addressed messaging. To implement this mechanism we designed our own message format, called the Common Profile for Context-Addressed Messaging (CPCAM) that is able to use any high level context to compose a context-based address. Additionally, we proposed to use context-based filtering to find the correct message recipients and determine if this message is relevant to these potential message recipients in their current context, as well as to deliver this message to the recipients' preferred device that is adapted using their preferred communication means. At the end of this second part we design context-addressed messaging system operations on top of a SIP and SIMPLE-based network infrastructure. The third part of our research describes context-aware session control mechanisms using context switch and context trigger constructs. A context-switch selects an action from a set of context-dependent actions upon an incoming communication event based on the receiver's current context. In contrast, a context trigger initiates an action based on a context update and the user's preferences that are specified in this updated context. This part illustrates in several examples the context-aware session control mechanisms, i.e. the initiation of a communication session based on the match of a user's preferences and current context, as well as adaptation and (if necessary) termination of an ongoing communication session based upon the user's context-dependent preferences.   The research leading to this licentiate has created network and system level models necessary for implementation of a context-addressed communication system that would enable users to easily design their own personalized, context-aware communication services. The necessary constructs and properties of these models are designed and analyzed in the thesis, as well as in conference papers and other documents published in the process of doing the research for this thesis. A number of remaining open issues and challenges have been outlined as part of the future work. / EU FP6 MIDAS (Middleware Platform for Developing and Deploying Advanced Mobile Services) / EU FP6 MUSIC (Self-adapting Applications for Mobile Users In Ubiquitous Computing Environments)

Family conversation between homes is difficult to initiate at mutually agreeable times as neither participant has exact knowledge of the other's activities or intentions. Whether calling to plan an important family gathering or simply to connect with family members, the question is: Is now a good time to call? People expect friends and family to learn their activity patterns and to minimize interruptions when calling. Can technology provide awareness cues to the caller, even prior to the initiation of the call? This research focuses on sampling the everyday activities of home life to determine environmental factors, which may serve as an indicator for availability. These external factors may be effective for identifying household routines of availability and useful in determining when to initiate conversation across homes. Several workplace studies have shown a person's interruptibility can be reliably assessed and modeled from specific environmental cues; this work looks for similar predictive power in the home. Copresence, location, and activity in the home were investigated as correlates to availability and for their effectiveness within the social protocol of family conversation. These studies indicate there are activities that can be sensed, either in real-time or over some time span, that correlate to self-reported availability. However, the type and amount of information shared is dependent upon individual preferences, social accessibility, and patterns of activities. This research shows friends and family can improve their predictions of when to call if provided additional context, and suggests that abstract representations of either routines or explicit availability status is sufficient and may be preferred by providers. Availability prediction is feasible in the home and useful to those outside the home, but the level of detail to provide in particular situations needs further study. This work has implications for the development of groupware systems, the automatic sensing of activity to deal with interruption, and activity recognition in the home.