Paslaugų sutartys: CK ir DCFR palyginimas Paslaugų sutartys – civiliniuose santykiuose dažnai naudojama teisinė priemonė, kuria siekiama nustatyti priešpriešinius įsipareigojimus tarp paslaugų teikėjo ir kliento. Nepaisant kasdienio paslaugų vartojimo, šis institutas yra laikomas vienu iš prievolių ir civilinių teisių bei pareigų atsiradimo pagrindų, todėl jurisdikcijoje yra išskiriamas į atskirą reglamentavimo skirsnį. Tačiau, kaip yra matoma iš magistrinio darbo analizės, paslaugų sutartis pasižymi sudėtinga konstrukcija, nėra apibrėžtos universalios paslaugų sutarties sąvokos. Todėl neretai kyla ginčų tarp paslaugų sutarties šalių, aiškinantis tarpusavio teises ir pareigas. Magistrinio darbo tema analizuota remiantis šiais paslaugų sutartinius santykius reglamentuojančiais šaltiniais: CK ir DCFR. Analizė atliekama lyginamuoju metodu, lyginant CK paslaugų sutarties nuostatas su DCFR šį institutą reglamentuojančiomis nuostatomis. Darbe buvo lyginamos nuostatos, reguliuojančios paslaugų sutarties sąvoką, šalių santykius, paslaugų kainos nuostatas bei paslaugų sutarties neįvykdymo teisines pasekmes. Iš atliktos analizės matyti, kad dauguma CK ir DCFR paslaugų sutartis reglamentuojančių normų iš esmės sutampa, tam didelę reikšmę turėjo pastangos suvienodinti Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių teisinį reguliavimą. Tačiau yra ir nemažai esminių skirtumų, kurie atsiranda, pavyzdžiui, dėl paslaugų sutarties instituto objekto ar kito požymio. / Contracts of Services: the Civil Code Compared to the Draft Common Frame of Reference Service contracts - legal instrument often used in civil relations which seeks to establish set-off obligations between the provider and client. Despite the daily consumption of services, this institute is considered one of the obligations and civil rights and obligations incurred, and thus has jurisdiction over isolated in a separate section of the regulation. However, as is seen from the master work of analysis, the Service Agreement has a complex structure and there is no universal service contract term definition. Therefore, often a dispute arises between contractors, interpreting the mutual rights and obligations. Master's thesis analyzed on the basis of these services contractual relationship governing sources: the Civil Code and the Draft Common Frame of Reference. Analysis carried out a comparative approach, comparing the contract service provisions of the Civil Code with the provisions of Draft Common Frame of Reference. The paper compares the provisions governing the concept of a service contract, the parties' relationship, service and price of the service contract to fulfill the legal consequences. This analysis shows that most of the Civil Code and Draft Common Frame of Reference provisions essentially are the same. this was of great importance to unify European Union Member States legal regulation. However, there are many significant differences that occur, for example, an... [to full text]

Blockchain at the European Level Abstract The objective of this master thesis is to provide a basic overview of the blockchain technology, its features and its potential utilization, including an overview of European legal regulations that might be applicable to the technology, under certain conditions. In the first chapter, the master's thesis sets forth the legal framework of the EU primary law that establishes or can establish the EU's competence to act in the matters of blockchain technology, depending on its legal qualification (especially in the context of the internal market - namely the free movement of services and capital). The second and third chapters provide essential description of features of blockchain and cryptocurrency and related services. A more detailed description is provided in Annexes I-IV of this thesis. Further, the legal status and applicable regulation of cryptocurrencies are assessed at the European and national levels and in terms of other global jurisdictions. The assessment also includes the recent CJEU's judgment in the case Hedqvist, according to which bidirectional exchange services (purchase of cryptocurrency for fiat currency and vice versa) are to be exempted from VAT obligation under the VAT directive. In line with the CJEU's reasoning and the Advocate General's...