Wood is a limited natural resource whose characteristics have been difficult to identify by advanced technology. The most expensive is a hardwood. There is a desire to optimize the production of wood products by minimizing waste and maximizing output. It could be achieved if one had capabilities to evaluate the common wood structures ― knots, rots, empty spaces and other defects. There are many nondestructive testing methods that could be applied to the evaluation of the inner quality of a log. The most successful one is an x-ray computerized tomography. This thesis covers principles of computerized tomography and image reconstruction algorithms. Testing was performed on implementations of tomographic image reconstruction algorithms using synthetic and real data. Research on an application of an x-ray computerized tomography for the analysis of wood structures was made. Inspection of glued zones in glued wooden articles was accomplished using tomographic imaging. Guidelines for the creation of a wood specialized x-ray computerized tomograph were given.