Cette thèse traite de la modélisation et de la simulation des écoulements diphasiques transitoires eau-vapeur. Dans de nombreuses installations industrielles, des écoulements monophasiques d'eau liquide sont susceptibles de devenir diphasiques lors de certaines situations transitoires. La modélisation de ces écoulements peut s'avérer délicate car deux phénomènes physiques interagissant fortement entre eux, le changement de phase et la propagation d'ondes de pression, sont alors à prendre en compte. Une approche bifluide statistique, ne supposant aucun équilibre entre les phases, est utilisée afin de modéliser de tels écoulements. Les modèles obtenus sont de type convection-source et s'apparentent au modèle de Baer-Nunziato. Différentes lois de fermeture pour ces modèles sont comparées sur des cas expérimentaux de transitoires eau-vapeur tels que les coups de bélier et la dépressurisation d'une tuyauterie d'eau liquide suite à une rupture.La simulation numérique des différents modèles est effectuée grâce à une méthode à pas fractionnaires. Un nouveau schéma de convection, robuste et efficace, capable de gérer toute equation d'état est utilisé dans la première étape de cette méthode. La seconde étape est dédiée au traitement des termes sources et requiert différents schémas implicites. Une grande attention est accordée à la vérification de tous les schémas numériques utilisés grâce à des études de convergence. Une nouvelle modélisation du transfert de masse est également proposée, sur la base de travaux dédiés à la brusque dépressurisation d'eau liquide en approche homogène. La validation du modèle est effectuée grâce de nombreuses comparaisons calcul-expérience. / This thesis deals with the modelling and the computation of steam-water two-phase flows. Liquid water flows are involved in many industrial facilities and a second phase may appear in some transients situations. Thus, pressure wave propagation and mass transfer are physical phenomena that need to be properly included in the modelling of such two-phase flows. A statistical two-fluid approach is used, leading to models similar to the Baer-Nunziato one. They include both convective and source terms without any assumption on the equilibrium between phases. Different closure laws for such models are compared on steam-water transient experiments including water-hammers and fast depressurization of liquid water. The computation of the different models is based on a fractional step method. A new convective scheme, able to deal with any Equation Of State, is used in the first step of the method. When compared with other schemes, it appears to be accurate, efficient and very robust. The second step of the method is dedicated to the treatment of source terms and requires several implicit schemes. Particular attention is paid to the verification of every scheme involved in the method. Convergence studies are carried out on test-cases with analytical solutions to that purpose. Based on existing work on fast depressurization of liquid water in an homogeneous approach, a new formulation of the mass transfer is proposed. Many comparisons between computational and experimental results are detailled in order to validate the models.

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um novo esquema prático tipo upwind de alta resolução, denominado EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), para resolver numericamente equações de conservação TVD e é implementado no contexto do método das diferenças finitas. O desempenho do esquema é investigado na resolução de sistemas hiperbólicos de leis de conservação e escoamentos incompressíveis complexos com superfícies livres. Os resultados numéricos mostraram boa concordãncia com outros resultados numéricos e dados experimentais existentes / Is this work a new practical high resolution upwinding scheme, called EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), for the numerical solution of transient convection-dominated conservation equations is present. The scheme is based on TVD stability criterion and is implemented in the context of the finite difference methodology. The performance of the scheme is investigated by solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and complex incompressible flows with free surfaces. The numerical results displayed good agreement with other existing numerical and experimental data

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um novo esquema prático tipo upwind de alta resolução, denominado EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), para resolver numericamente equações de conservação TVD e é implementado no contexto do método das diferenças finitas. O desempenho do esquema é investigado na resolução de sistemas hiperbólicos de leis de conservação e escoamentos incompressíveis complexos com superfícies livres. Os resultados numéricos mostraram boa concordãncia com outros resultados numéricos e dados experimentais existentes / Is this work a new practical high resolution upwinding scheme, called EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), for the numerical solution of transient convection-dominated conservation equations is present. The scheme is based on TVD stability criterion and is implemented in the context of the finite difference methodology. The performance of the scheme is investigated by solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and complex incompressible flows with free surfaces. The numerical results displayed good agreement with other existing numerical and experimental data