This dissertation presents a technique for the identification and classification of late-type stars and for the estimation of M star metallicities. The technique uses broad-band, V and I, CCD images to identify red stars and two intermediate-band CCD images to classify these as carbon or M types. One of the intermediate passbands is centered on a TiO absorption band at 7750Å and the other is centered on a CN absorption band at 8100Å. Color-color plots of V-I versus the intermediate-band index, 77-81, clearly distinguishes carbon from M stars. Observations of both early- and late-type stars were used to define the 77-81 system based upon the intermediate-band filters. The TiO bandstrength deduced from the 77-81 color as a function of V-I color was investigated for field giants and giants in 12 globular clusters. A linear correlation between [Fe/H] and the V-I color at a given TiO bandstrength was found. This correlation can be used to estimate the metallicity of M giants. The stellar population of a field in Baade's Window was examined using this technique. Many late-M stars and no carbon stars were found. The color-color diagram for Baade's Window suggests a range of metallicities for the M giants of [Fe/H] ≈ -0.4 to > +0.2. The stellar population of the Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular galaxy (Sagdig) was examined using the 77-81 system. A method for estimating reddening based upon the color mode of foreground stars was developed for the analysis of the Sagdig data. Sagdig is estimated to be ~ 1.3 megaparsecs distant. Bright blue and red stars in Sagdig are evidence for recent star formation. Carbon stars were identified in Sagdig. They display a bimodal luminosity and color distribution which suggests distinct epochs of star forming activity between 1 and 10 Gyr ago. The spatial distribution of carbon stars and bright red stars in Sagdig shows this galaxy to be much larger than previously thought.