Inaug.-diss.-Basel. / "Extrait de la Revue suisse de zoologie, t. 11, 1903."

Thesis--Copenhagen. / "Reprinted from Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis VIII." Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [218]-227.

Dissertation - Hamburgischen Universität, 1935. / Vita. "Schriftenverzeichnis": p. 72.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-138).

A survey of the biological oceanography in Indian Arm, a fjord-type inlet near Vancouver, B. C, has been carried out during the past several, years by the Institute of Oceanography of the University of British Columbia. The present study deals with four species of Copepoda, and their distribution and relationships to water properties. A systematic study of four of the most abundant pelagic calanoid copepods was undertaken, namely, Calanus sp., Gaetanus armiger Gdesbrecht, Pareuchaeta japonica (Marukawa), and Metridia sp.. Some suggestions on the taxonomy of the four species in the local area are made. The life history stages of Calanus sp. and Gaetanus armiger have been briefly described. Life cycles of these two species within a year have been evaluated. Water properties represented by temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen have been viewed in relation to the distribution of Calanus sp. and Gaetanus armiger. Adult males and females of both species are demonstrated as inhabiting waters with different ranges of properties. Stage V of the juveniles of Calanus inhabits conditions intermediate between those of males and females. Stage I of the juveniles of Gaetanus armiger occurs in a restricted range of properties, but the range widens with each successive stage. The distributions of copepodid stages and adults of the two species are shown to conform, in general, to the ranges of properties to which relationships have been demonstrated. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The distribution of certain copepod species of the north coast of British Columbia suggests that breeding is restricted to limited regions of well-defined temperature and salinity characteristics, Currents are responsible f or the spread of juveniles and adults from these area. A description of the probable circulation pattern in the vicinity of the Queen Charlotte Islands as Inferred from plankton collections is submitted. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Studies of feeding of the life history stages of marine copepods Euchaeta japonica Marukawa and Calanus plumchrus Marukawa suggest that the first two naupliar stages of both species are non-feeding stages. Feeding starts with the third nauplius in both species. These and later stages feed readily on heat-killed, flagellates Dunaliella tertiolecta. The fifth and sixth nauplii of E. japonica and the fourth nauplius of C. plumchrus also feed on large diatoms; they were fed Ditylum brightwellii and Chaetoceros serpentrionalis, respectively. The sixth nauplius of both species, given a mixture of phytoplankton and zooplankton, feeds selectively on D. tertiolecta. In E. japonica copepodite stages one to six (female and male) are omnivorous, but food selectivity experiments suggest that copepodite stages one to six (female) are primarily carnivorous, whereas males (stage six) are primarily herbivorous. This difference in feeding habits accords with the morphology of the mouthparts. In C. plumchrus copepodites one to six (female) are morphologically adapted for a herbivorous diet, but copepodites three to six (female) are capable of feeding on zooplankton also. Copepodite stages three and five prefer zooplankton, whereas the older and younger stages prefer phytoplankton. Preference for the large-sized phytoplankton has been indicated in the feeding of copepodite stages of C. plumchrus both in a mixture of foods and in unialgal cultures. Temporal variation in feeding is conspicuous in copepodite stages of C. plumchrus, and is related to diel vertical distribution and availability of food. Copepodite stages of E. japonica show less pronounced temporal variation, and their feeding does not seem to be closely related to their vertical distribution. The quantity of food consumed by developmental stages of both species in the laboratory when compared with that available in the sea, suggests that the potential capacity for feeding by these animals is not usually reached in the sea. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The Pacific coast of Canada is indented by numerous fjords. However, there has been no synoptic zooplankton study of a fjord in British Columbia, and little information is available to suggest how spatial and temporal distributions may change along a fjord's length in response to variation in hydrographic circulation, "water quality", and distribution of phytoplankton. The investigation reported here was designed to help fill this gap. The study area was Knight Inlet, a local glacial run-off fjord, partitioned by a sill into a shallow outer (200 m) and deep inner (500 m) basin. Ten cruises were made to the area between October 1974 and September 1975. Vertically discrete zooplankton hauls were taken over a standard depth range of approximately 16 km intervals along a transect from Queen Charlotte Strait to the fjord head. All observed calanoid copepods (the group which dominated the zooplankton) were counted at the species sexed copepodite level. Salinity, temperature, oxygen, nitrate, chlorophyll a, and suspended sediment data were collected concurrently and plotted as isopleth profiles, from which hydrographic circulation was deduced. The profiles, in combination with Temperature-Salinity diagrams, were also used to "partition" the fjord into geographically and vertically discrete "water regimes", each identifiable by a unique suite of conservative and non-conservative properties. All regimes were grouped into either a "Surface", "Transition" or "Deep" category. Dominant features of hydrographic circulation were the summer surface outflow of low salinity glacial run-off, and the replacement of deep waters by a high salinity intrusion associated, with upwelling. New intrusions resulted in up-inlet movement of previously resident waters, which were then uplifted and flushed down-inlet. This counter-current system of flows appeared to act as a nutrient trap, retaining within the inlet any biologically utilisable material, and leading to the accumulation of high nitrate concentrations in the inner basin. Monthly Temperature-Salinity-Plankton (T-S-P) diagrams showed that five copepod species groups could be recognised according to an apparent association with either one or two water regimes. They were named accordingly, "Summer Surface", "Surface and Surface Transitional", "Transitional/Deep", "Deep", and "Off-shore". A final group was designated "Migrant", and contained all diel and seasonal vertical migrants. Monthly profiles of species presence/absence, and profiles of conservative and non-conservative properties provided a spatial aspect to water regime-plankton associations revealed on the T-S-P diagrams. For example, most Transitional/Deep and all Deep species were clearly associated with the inner basin, whilst most Surface and Surface/ Transitional species appeared to be associated with the outer basin and Queen Charlotte Strait. This procedure also revealed the advection of groups into "unusual" locations or depth ranges. For example, when deep inner basin water regimes were uplifted, similar upward displacement of Deep species were observed. Similarly, copepods characteristic of an off-shore fauna were carried into Queen Charlotte Strait by the July intrusion, and small numbers were advected into the fjord outer basin. The breeding cycles of herbivorous copepods varied within species at different geographical localities. This appeared to reflect the almost complete disappearance of phytoplankton from the inner basin after the arrival of turbid glacial run-off into the fjord head from June until September. Deep species showed little seasonality in breeding cycle and a trend towards this situation was observed in the Transitional/ Deep group. In conclusion, this thesis describes temporal and spatial patterns of distribution for all ealanoid copepod species found in Knight Inlet, and attempts to relate these to fjord hydrography and the distributions of certain environmental properties. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Edward J. Buskey. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Graduation date: 1979