Etude 1 – Cette étude de validation du CGSQ-21 en langue française a permis d’étudier les propriétés psychométriques d’une échelle évaluant le fardeau chez les parents d’enfants avec Troubles du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA). Il est retrouvé que le modèle à trois facteurs est le plus adapté à la structure du FCGSQ-21. Le fardeau objectif ainsi que le fardeau subjectif internalisé et externalisé sont retrouvés comme les trois facteurs de cette échelle. L’homogénéité du FCGSQ-21 dans cette étude est excellente avec un alpha de Cronbach à 0,90. Etude 2 – L’objectif est d’étudier le bien-être psychologique des parents ayant un enfant avec un Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA) en comparaison avec celui des parents ayant un enfant avec un Syndrome de Down (SD) mais aussi ayant un enfant au développement typique (DT). Il existe des différences significatives au niveau du fardeau perçu par les parents des trois échantillons de cette étude (F (2,56) = 18,34 ; p ≤ 0,001), de l’anxiété et de la dépression (F (2,56) = 5,30 ; p =0,008 ; F (2,56) = 4,72 ; p = 0,013). Il est retrouvé également des différences significatives entre le vécu des parents d’enfants avec TSA et avec SD au niveau de l’ensemble des variables de cette étude, notamment au niveau de la sous-échelle « Coordination Globale des Soins » (M SD = 6,7 ; ET = 1,82, M TSA = 5,24 ; ET = 1,67 ; t = 2,76, p = 0,009). Etude 3 – Dans un premier temps, le modèle transactionnel-intégratif-multifactoriel (TIM) adapté à la situation de parents d’enfants avec TSA a été testé et dans un second temps, des profils de parents ont été mis en lumière en lien avec leur bien-être psychologique face au handicap de leur enfant. La disposition à l’optimisme apparaît être une variable explicative du bien-être psychologique et l’anxiété et la dépression viennent se positionner en variables médiatrices entre la disposition à l’optimisme et la perception du fardeau chez les parents. Trois profils de parents ont été mis en évidence. Un profil de parents (n=63) présente un bien-être altéré. Le 2e profil (n=29), montre des parents avec un bien-être psychologique préservé. Enfin, le 3e profil (n=75) est un profil homogène.Etude 4 – Cette recherche a pour but d’explorer le vécu des parents d’enfants avec TSA selon le genre : mères et pères face au TSA. Les comparaisons de moyennes des pères et des mères aux différents questionnaires montrent un score de satisfaction de la coordination des soins et du soutien respect des soins plus élevé chez les mères. Aussi elles obtiennent un score de coping dyadique délégué (partenaire) et de coping dyadique commun plus élevé que celui des pères. L’analyse qualitative a révélé que les pères et les mères n’occupent pas, le plus souvent, la même place auprès de l’enfant. / Study 1 – This validation study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the 21-item Caregiving Strain Questionnaire (FCGSQ-21), which evaluates caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder’s burden. A three-factor model was found to best fit the structure of this scale. Those factors include the objective burden as well as the internalized and externalized subjective burdens. In the present study, the FCGSQ-21’s homogeneity is excellent with a Cronbach’s alpha of .90. Study 2 –This study aims at investigating the psychological well-being of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) while comparing it to that of parents of children with Down Syndrome (SD) as well as that of parents of typically developing children (DT). Significant differences appear between parents of those different groups for perceived burden (F (2,56) = 18,34 ; p ≤ 0,001), and anxiety and depression (F (2,56) = 5,30 ; p =0,008 ; F (2,56) = 4,72 ; p = 0,013). Other significant differences are observed between parents of children with ASD and SD on all variables in this study, most notably for the sub-scale “Global Coordination of Care” (M SD = 6,7 ; ET = 1,82, M TSA = 5,24 ; ET = 1,67 ; t = 2,76, p = 0,009).Study 3 – First, the transactional integrative and multifactorial Model (TIM) adapted to parents of children with ASD was tested. Then, different profiles of parents linked to their psychological well-being in face of their child’s disorder were highlighted. It appears that dispositional optimism is an explicative variable of psychological well-being and anxiety and depression appear as mediating variables between dispositional optimism and burden perception. Three profiles of parents were highlighted. One profile of parents (n=63) displays reduced psychological well-being. The second profile (n=29) includes parents who maintained high psychological well-being. The last profile (n=75) is homogenous. Study 4 – This study aims to explore how mothers and fathers of children with ASD live with their child’s disorder. The mean comparisons between fathers and mothers highlight a higher care satisfaction, coordination and respect for mothers. Mothers also have a higher delegated dyadic coping (partner) and common dyadic coping than fathers do. The qualitative analysis revealed that fathers and mothers often do not have the same role with their child.

Il presente lavoro di ricerca si focalizza sul coping diadico, ovvero sulle modalità con cui partner affrontano come coppia, secondo la prospettiva di Guy Bodenmann (1997, 2000, 2005), le situazioni stressanti quotidiane. Primo obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è stato analizzare in un campione italiano (N = 778 partecipanti; cfr. Studio 1) la struttura fattoriale di uno strumento self-report messo a punto da Bodenmann (“Dyadic Coping Questionnaire”, Bodenmann, 1997, 2000) allo scopo di misurare la tendenza dei partner a mettere in atto diverse modalità di coping diadico. I risultati del primo studio confermano la struttura multifattoriale della scala, in linea con la teorizzazione di Bodenmann. In particolare si evince una più fine articolazione delle risposte di coping diadico positivo rispetto a quelle di coping diadico negativo. Nonostante l’importanza del coping per il benessere dei partner e della relazione (Bodenmann, Pihet, & Kaiser, 2006), poco si conosce dei possibili precursori di tale competenza relazionale. Secondo obiettivo del presente lavoro è stato dunque esaminare due delle possibili fonti dell’acquisizione del coping diadico da parte dei partner analizzando, in un campione composto da coppie in procinto di sposarsi e dai loro genitori (N = 764 partecipanti) se e quanto i partner fossero simili 1) ai loro rispettivi genitori e 2) tra loro per ciò che concerne la tendenza ad usare il coping diadico. Tali somiglianze sono inoltre state confrontate tra loro alla luce del processo di riallineamento caratteristico della fase della relazione che la coppia giovane sta attraversando (cfr. Studio 2). Due tipi di somiglianza sono stati presi in considerazione: la somiglianza unica e la somiglianza stereotipica, allo scopo di tenere in considerazione come il comune background culturale dei partecipanti possa influire sulle somiglianze esaminate. Somiglianza unica e stereotipica sono state qui considerate entrambe come portatrici di significato e sono state dunque esaminate parallelamente. Lo Studio 3 infine aveva l’ obiettivo di approfondire le somiglianze tra genitori e figli emerse nello studio precedente alla luce del genere del figlio, dal genere del genitore, e dalla valutazione da parte dei figli dei modelli di vita rappresentati dai loro genitori. I risultati hanno mostrato come sia le somiglianze tra figli e genitori sia tra i partner nella tendenza al coping diadico siano significative e come le somiglianze tra genitori e figli varino in funzione della dimensione di coping diadico considerata, del genere del figlio e del tipo di modello di coping diadico che i genitori rappresentano per i propri figli. Quanto emerso è stato inoltre discusso alla luce delle piste future di ricerca e implicazioni per l’intervento. / The present work is focused on dyadic coping, that is the way partners manage as a couple the stress they encounter in their everyday life (Bodenmann, 1997, 2000, 2005). The first objective of the present research was to examine in a sample of Italian couples (N = 778 participants) the factorial structure of a self-report instrument designed to measure partners’ dyadic coping tendency (Dyadic coping Questionnaire by Bodenmman, 1997, 2000). Findings from the first study of the present work confirmed the multidimensional nature of the scale, in line with Bodenmnann’s theory. In particular, it emerged a more detailed definition of positive dyadic coping responses, as compared to negative ones. Despite the importance of dyadic coping for the well-being of the relationship as well as of the partners themselves, little is known on how this competence originates. The second objective of the present research was then to explore two possible sources of dyadic coping acquisition by examining whether and how young adults prior to marriage were similar to 1) their parents and 2) their partners in their dyadic coping tendency (N = 764 participants). Moreover, similarities with parents and with partners were compared in light of the specific stage of the relationship partners were living (cfr. Study 2). Similarity was computed adopting an idiographic approach via intraclass correlations and stereotype adjustment was performed in order to take into account the impact of partners and parents shared cultural background on similarity. For the purpose of the present work both stereotypical and unique similarities were considered meaningful and then examined simultaneously. Study 3 was aimed at further exploring the parent-child similarities emerged from study 2 by assessing whether and how parent-child similarity in dyadic coping differed as a function of parents and children’s gender and whether they were associated with children’s perceptions of the kind of models their parents represented for their lives. Results highlight that both parent-child and partners’ similarities were significant and differently modulated as a function of the different dimensions of dyadic coping considered, children’s gender as well as the kind of dyadic coping models parents represented for their children. Future paths of research and implications for intervention were discussed.