Bioerosion is a major process that affects the carbonate balance on coral reefs, and excavating sponges from the genus Cliona are some of the most important bioeroders on Caribbean reefs. The orange boring sponge, Cliona delitrix, is an abundant excavating sponge offshore southeast Florida that frequently colonizes dead portions of live stony corals, killing live coral tissue as it grows. With the recent decline in coral cover attributed to combined environmental and anthropogenic stressors, the increasing abundance of excavating sponges poses yet another threat to the persistence of Caribbean coral reefs. In the first part of this study, I explored distributional patterns of C. delitrix offshore southeast Florida and compared yearly sponge growth/corresponding coral tissue loss rates across habitats of different depths. C. delitrix densities and growth rates were significantly higher on the outer reef, where coral colonies also showed some of the fastest tissue retreat rates. More sponge individuals were found on sites with higher coral densities, likely resulting from the higher availability of preferred coral skeleton substrate. C. delitrix showed a clear preference for boulder stony coral species, which could alter the coral community composition in the future and allow an increase in branching and foliose species. The growth rates of C. delitrix offshore southeast Florida are slower compared to rates from other locations, likely a result of intense fouling of the coral-sponge interface by other spatial reef competitors. These results suggest that outer reef sites with high boulder coral density offshore southeast Florida are most vulnerable to C. delitrix colonization and may continue to suffer the greatest impacts of coral bioerosion. Excavating sponges are also strong competitors for space on coral reefs; able to colonize, excavate, and kill entire live stony corals. Despite the known negative effects of excavating sponges on stony corals very few studies have experimentally tested the competitive nature of this interaction. In the second part of this study, I examined the effect of manual removal of the excavating sponge, Cliona delitrix (Pang 1973), on tissue loss of the stony coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus 1767), and its possibility as a restoration technique. A total of 33 M. cavernosa colonies colonized by small C. delitrix sponges (up to 10 cm in diameter) were examined. Sponges were removed using a hammer and chisel from 22 of the affected colonies, and 11 colonies were left alone as controls. After sponge removal, the resultant cavities in the coral skeletons were filled to minimize future colonization by other bioeroders and promote coral tissue growth over the excavation. Cement was used as fill material on 11 of the colonies, and the remaining 11 cavities were filled with epoxy. Standardized photos of each colony were taken immediately, at 6 months and 12 months after sponge removal. Results show a significant reduction in coral tissue loss in colonies where sponge was removed, and both fill materials performed similarly reducing coral tissue loss. I also found that a majority of experimental corals showed no return of C. delitrix to the colony surface a year after removal. This study demonstrates that eliminating the bioeroding sponge competitor may promote recovery of the affected stony coral. Additionally, the sponge removal technique can be applied to any stony coral colonized by C. delitrix to preserve, or at least slow the loss of, remaining live tissue.

Les coraux durs font face à des menaces croissantes dues à des facteurs anthropogéniques, les rendant vulnérables à des maladies telles que la maladie de perte de tissu des coraux (MPTC). Découverte en Floride en 2014, la MPTC s'est propagée dans la mer des Caraïbes et a atteint la Grenade en 2018, menaçant les récifs locaux. La relation complexe entre les facteurs environnementaux et la susceptibilité des coraux reste mal comprise. De plus, une hyperpigmentation cutanée a été observée chez divers poissons récifaux en Grenade, avec des causes et liens environnementaux inexplorés. Notre étude explore les corrélations potentielles entre la MPTC et l'hyperpigmentation chez la gorette jaune (Haemulon flavolineatum) et le chirurgien océanique (Acanthurus bahianus) sur 12 sites de plongée de la côte ouest de la Grenade. Nous examinons également les liens entre les scores de pression anthropique et la santé des coraux. Les résultats indiquent une prévalence de la MPTC de 45% à l'ouest de la Grenade en mai 2023, inférieure à celle observée en Floride. La baie de Saint-Georges, soumise à une pression anthropique élevée, montre un taux de mortalité moyen des coraux de 11%, dépassant significativement les sites à faible pression anthropique (P=0,020). De plus, la prévalence des poissons hyperpigmentés est corrélée significativement à celle de la MPTC chez les coraux (P=0.004), et le score de pression anthropique est positivement corrélé aux pourcentages de coraux morts (P=0.001). Cette étude préliminaire pose les bases pour des investigations longitudinales futures, fournissant un aperçu crucial de la MPTC en Grenade. / Hard coral, as vital habitats for reefs organisms, are threatened by anthropogenic factors, making them more susceptible to diseases, including Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD). First described in Florida in 2014, SCTLD has spread throughout the Caribbean Sea and has been observed in Grenada since 2018, threatening local reefs. The intricate relationship between local environmental factors and coral susceptibility remains poorly understood. Additionally, Grenada's reefs have witnessed skin hyperpigmentation in various fish species, whose etiology and connection to environmental factors remain unexplored. This study investigated potential correlations between SCTLD and hyperpigmentation in French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum) and ocean surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus) across 12 popular dive sites. It also explored potential links between anthropic pressure scores and coral health. The findings revealed a 45% prevalence of SCTLD among hard coral colonies, lower than observed in Florida. Saint George's Bay, subjected to high anthropic pressure, experienced a significant 11% mean coral mortality rate, surpassing sites with minimal anthropic pressure (P=0.020). Furthermore, the prevalence of hyperpigmented fishes significantly correlated with SCTLD prevalence in coral (P=0.004), and anthropic pressure scores exhibited a positive relationship with dead coral percentages (P=0.001). This preliminary study provides crucial insights into SCTLD in Grenada, laying the groundwork for future longitudinal investigations.