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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mozar Alves Gondim Neto.pdf: 14312351 bytes, checksum: a7f1fe152f71b60e0b419de9b300950d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the Amazon, corn is grown mainly by small producers who have small areas for cultivation and apply low level of technology in agriculture. Considering the importance of maize for subsistence farming in the Amazon region, this research was conducted to evaluate the performance of three maize cultivars (Saracura, BRS1030 and Sol da Manhã) submitted by two different forms of management (preparation and conventional tillage) in lowland areas in the state of Amazonas. The research was developed by Embrapa Western Amazon, at the experimental station of the Cauldron, in the city of Iranduba - AM, in the season of 2010/2011, The soil is classified as Haplic Gleysoil (Embrapa 1999), considered a high natural fertility. The experimental design was a randomized block, split plot with four replications. The plots were defined by two management systems (System Conventional Tillage - Tillage System and SPC - SPD) and the subplots characterized by the use of three maize cultivars (Saracura, BRS 1030 and Sol da Manhã). Were evaluated: plant height, height of ear insertion, stem diameter, ear diameter, ear length, ear weight with straw, cob without straw weight, number of ears / ha, yield, grain moisture, number kernels per row and number of kernels per row. In general, all the evaluated statistically influenced by tillage systems studied. Observing the isolated cultivars, it was found that there were significant effects for Saracura among the management systems for the characteristics spike length, spike weight with and without straw yield, grain moisture and grain number per row. For BRS1030 (plant height, ear weight with and without straw, number of ears / ha and productivity) and the Sol da Manhã (plant height, height of ear height, weight of ears with husk, weight of spikes without straw and productivity). Regarding cultivars, all traits were statistically significant, except for the determination of grain moisture. The Saracura was superior to the others in the following characteristics (plant height, height of ear height, weight of ears without straw, grain moisture, grain number per row and number of kernels per row). The BRS1030 was superior to the other characteristics (stem diameter, ear diameter, ear length, weight of ears with husk, weight of ears without straw, number of ears / ha and productivity). Cultivar Sol da Manhã was lower than all genotypes for all traits. / No Amazonas, o milho é cultivado, principalmente, por pequenos produtores que dispõem de pequenas áreas para cultivo e aplicam baixo nível de tecnologia na lavoura. Considerando a importância da cultura do milho para a agricultura de subsistência da região Amazônica, esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de três cultivares de milho (Saracura, BRS1030 e Sol da Manhã) submetida a duas diferentes formas de manejo (Preparo Convencional e Plantio Direto) em áreas de várzea no Estado do Amazonas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em área da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, na estação experimental do Caldeirão, no município de Iranduba – AM, na safra agrícola de 2010/2011, em solo classificado como Gleissolo Háplico (Embrapa 1999), considerado de alta fertilidade natural. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram definidas por dois sistemas de manejos (Sistema de Preparo Convencional - SPC e Sistema Plantio Direto – SPD) e as subparcelas caracterizadas pelo uso de três cultivares de milho (BRS Saracura, BRS 1030 e BRS Sol da Manhã). Foram avaliados: altura das plantas, altura da inserção da espiga, diâmetro do colmo, diâmetro da espiga, comprimento da espiga, peso da espiga com palha, peso da espiga sem palha, número de espigas/ha, produtividade, umidade dos grãos, número de grãos por fileira e número de grãos por carreira. De forma geral, nenhuma das características avaliadas foi estatisticamente influenciada pelos sistemas de manejo estudado. Observando-se as cultivares isoladas, verificou-se que houve efeito significativo para a Saracura entre os sistemas de manejo para as características comprimento da espiga, peso da espiga com e sem palha, produtividade, umidade dos grãos e número de grãos por fileira. Para a BRS1030 (altura de plantas, peso da espiga com e sem palha, número de espigas/ha e produtividade) e para o Sol da Manhã (altura das plantas, altura da inserção da espiga, peso das espigas com palha, peso das espigas sem palha e produtividade). Quanto às cultivares, todas as características estudadas foram estatisticamente significativas, exceto para a determinação da umidade dos grãos. A Saracura foi superior às demais nas seguintes características (altura de plantas, altura da inserção da espiga, peso das espigas sem palha, umidade dos grãos, número de grãos por fileira e número de grãos por carreira). O BRS1030 foi superior às demais nas características (diâmetro do colmo, diâmetro da espiga, comprimento da espiga, peso das espigas com palha, peso das espigas sem palha, número de espigas/ha e produtividade). A cultivar Sol da manhã foi inferior às demais cultivares para todas as características avaliadas.

Maize (Zea mays L.) ranks third as a food crop after wheat and rice and is characterized not only as a cereal crop but also as a vegetable. Maize used as a vegetable is known as “baby corn”. Baby corn consists of unfertilized young ears harvested 2 or 3 days after silk emergence. The present study was implemented in 2009 at Western Kentucky University Agriculture Research and Education Center (36.93 N, 86.47 E) in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of different schemes of harvest on baby corn (BC) yield, grain maize (GM) yield, and estimated economic return. Experimental harvest treatments were 1) no BC harvest, only GM harvest, 2) first harvest as BC, final harvest as GM, 3) first and second harvests as BC, final harvest as GM, and 4) first, second, and third harvests as BC, final harvest as GM. Average estimated BC yields (Kg/ha) for Treatments 2, 3, and 4 were 1445.1, 2681.8, and 3437.5; GM yields (Kg/ha) for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were 12522.2, 8226.5, and 1380.9; respectively. Since few grain kernels were found after three harvests for BC (Treatment 4), no usable GM yield was produced. BC and GM yields were used for evaluating the economic returns. Results indicated that the sequence of best economic returns would be obtained by harvesting BC three times (Treatment 4), first two harvests for BC and the final for GM (Treatment 3), first harvest for BC and subsequent for GM (Treatment 2), and only for GM harvest (Treatment 1). Although the pattern for only BC harvest was the most profitable system, the human labor requirement and critical timing of harvest limited its production. In states similar to Kentucky, BC could only be grown as an additional crop or to supplant a limited amount of traditional GM hectarage.