published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of anger/hostility on physiological and behavioral coronary heart disease risk factors. It was hypothesized that anger/hostility would contribute to the severity of CHD via consummatory behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. Some researchers suggest that negative consummatory behaviors play a direct causal role in CHD. The present study proposed that hostility predisposes an individual to these behaviors, and that these behaviors in turn, contribute to CHD. Further, it was proposed that some of the anger that exists in CHD patients may result from the individual being unable to participate in some of their previous consummatory behaviors after suffering a myocardial infarction. Also, it was hypothesized that the construct of anger/hostility would be differentially related to consummatory behaviors.

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

Recent research has shown that the combination of high triglyceride (TG) levels and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, significantly increases the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). The incidence of CAD is also increased in abdominally obese individuals. To assess differences in postprandial TG clearance patterns between abdominally obese (AO) and controls (C), fourteen healthy, normolipidemic males (seven controls and seven abdominally obese) completed an oral fat loading test (78 grams of fat). Blood samples were collected every hour for eight hours. Abdominally obese individuals had significantly greater TG values, significantly lower total HDL and HDL2 values and significantly greater area under the TG curve (p = 0.03). Time to reach peak TG and time to reach baseline TG values did not differ between the two groups, even though fewer AO individuals reached baseline within eight hours. The data from the present investigation indicate that increased time to clear TG in AO individuals may be one pathway that increases the incidence of CAD in this group. / School of Physical Education

The dietary outcomes of a school-based heart health promotion program in a low-income, multiethnic, inner-city neighbourhood of Montreal, Canada, were investigated. Eight intervention schools and sixteen control schools participated in the project from 1993 to 1997. Twenty-four hour recall data, as well as data on anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics, were collected from a subsample of all students in grades 4--6 (aged 9--12 years) at baseline (n = 498), after two years (n = 491), and after four years (n = 347). There were no significant differ in nutrient intakes between 1995 and 1997, so these data were combined for analyses. Compared to students in control schools, students exposed to the program had a significantly increased mean intake of vitamin C per 1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (p = 0.0013). Compared to students in designated intervention schools at baseline, mean make of vitamin C per 1000 kcal was significantly increased (p = 0.002) and mean folate intake was significantly domed (p = 0.0058) in exposed to the program. When the intervention group was restricted to only those students who had received 16 hours or more of program exposure (n = 113), there were no significant differences in any nutrient intakes when compared to control students or students in intervention schools at baseline. This program was unsuccessful in changing nutrient intakes of school-aged children, contributing further evidence that conscious dietary change is difficult to achieve by means of a school-based program with a reasonable number of curriculum hours.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Restricted until October 2004. Bibliography: leaves 95-101.

M.A. / This research has been undertaken against the background of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) as being one of the major causes of death in South Africa. An indepth literature study made it evident that, despite intervention programs that have been successful in reducing the CHD rate, it still remains a number one killer. This could possibly be attributed to CHD prevention programs that historically have focused on biologically related lifestyle factors, and neglected a very important adjuvant risk factor for CHD, namely Type A behaviour. The aim of this dissertation was to study the viability of changing Type A behaviour in childhood through group sport participation in view of the fact that the Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) already present in childhood, has to date not been addressed as a primary preventative possibility. Group sport was chosen as an intervention by nature of it being co-operative, socially supportive and successful in the improvement of a number of relevant factors. Sport has also been demonstrated to be an appropriate outlet for aggressive impulses apparent in Type A behaviour. Twenty subjects participated in the intervention program that took place over a period of eight weeks. A second group of ten Type A subjects served as a no-treatment control group. The intervention was carried out at a primary school in Johannesburg. The results of the study revealed that Type A behaviour (TAB) was not reduced, save for the impatience component, by participation in group sport. Aggressive potential and anxiety in the Type A child, were also not reduced. It is concluded that the intervention of group sport in the reduction of TAB was not successful, and that future studies should investigate an intervention that is successful for the reduction of the TABP in childhood.

No description available.

by Choi Ka Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-128). / Abstract and appendix in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Abbreviations --- p.xv / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 1.1 --- Coronary Heart Disease: a global health problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Age --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Gender --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Family History of Cardiovascular Disease --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Hypercholesterolemia --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Unhealthy Dietary Habits --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Obesity --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- Physical Inactivity --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3 --- Clustering of Risk Factors --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4 --- Risk Factors in Children: Atherosclerosis Begins Early in Life --- p.26 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- RESEARCH IN HONG KONG AND PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY / Chapter 2.1 --- Nutrition Transition --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- CHD Mortality Trends in Hong Kong --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Serum Total Cholesterol and Obesity in Hong Kong Adults --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Obesity, Serum Total Cholesterol, Dietary Habits and Physical Activity of Hong Kong Children and Adolescents" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5 --- Study Purpose and Objectives --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- SURVEY DESIGN / Chapter 3.1 --- Sample Selection --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Blood Total Blood Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Anthropometric Measurements" --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Total Blood Cholesterol and Triglyceride --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Anthropometry Measures --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Questionnaire --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Questionnaire Design and Pre-testing --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- General Health and Socio-demographic Questionnaire --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Physical Activity Questionnaire --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Dietary Questionnaire --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data Management --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5 --- Statistics --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Blood Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Obesity and Fat Distribution --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Diet --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Physical Activity Patterns --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.5 --- Body Mass Index of Parent and Family History of Diseases --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- RESULTS / Chapter 4.1 --- Sample Size and the Characteristics of the Students in the Two Schools --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- Gender and Age Distribution --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Blood Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4 --- Anthropometry Measures --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5 --- Dietary Habits --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Dietary Composition of 3-day Dietary Record --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Eating Behaviors --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6 --- Physical Activity --- p.68 / Chapter 4.7 --- Family History of Diseases --- p.70 / Chapter 4.8 --- Parents' Anthropometry --- p.71 / Chapter 4.9 --- Demographic Data --- p.71 / Chapter 4.10 --- Inter-relationships --- p.75 / Chapter 4.10.1 --- Blood Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride --- p.75 / Chapter a. --- "Blood Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Body Fatness" --- p.75 / Chapter b. --- "Blood Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Diet" --- p.75 / Chapter c. --- "Blood Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Physical Activity Patterns" --- p.77 / Chapter d. --- Blood Total Cholesterol，Triglyceride and Family History of Hypercholesterolemia --- p.78 / Chapter e. --- Relative Importance of the Key Factors in Predicting Blood Total Cholesterol levels --- p.79 / Chapter 4.10.2 --- Obesity and Body Fatness --- p.79 / Chapter a. --- "Obesity, Body Fatness and Physical Activity Patterns" --- p.79 / Chapter b. --- "Obesity, Body Fatness and Diets" --- p.82 / Chapter c. --- Body Fatness and Genetics --- p.84 / Chapter 4.10.3 --- Diet and Physical Activity --- p.86 / Chapter 4.10.4 --- "Blood Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Obesity and Other Demographic or Economic Characteristics" --- p.87 / Chapter 4.11 --- Clustering of Risk Factors among Obese children --- p.87 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 5.1 --- Implication of Research Findings --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations --- p.108 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX: --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.111 / References --- p.113 / Appendices / Chapter I --- Questionnaire (English version) --- p.129 / Chapter II --- Questionnaire (Chinese version) --- p.139 / Chapter III --- Introductory letter (English version) --- p.152 / Chapter V --- Introductory letter (Chinese version) --- p.153 / Chapter V --- Consent form (English version) --- p.154 / Chapter VI --- Consent form (Chinese version) --- p.155 / Chapter VII --- Photos of the standard household measures given to children for estimation of portion size (English version) --- p.156 / Chapter VIII --- Photos of the standard household measures given to children for estimation of portion size (Chinese version) --- p.157 / Chapter IX --- Responses from the children to the food frequency questionnaire --- p.158 / Chapter X --- The frequency of the reported food items liked or disliked by the children --- p.160

Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos duomenimis, širdies ir kraujagyslių ligos yra dažniausia neįgalumo ir ankstyvos mirties priežastis pasaulyje. Modifikuojant rizikos faktorius galima sumažinti klinikinių atvejų bei ankstyvų mirčių skaičių. Prevenciją būtina taikyti žmonėms, kuriems jau diagnozuota koronarinė širdies liga, ir žmonėms, kuriems nustatyta širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų rizika. Darbo tikslas: Koronarine širdies liga persirgusių pacientų sveikatos priežiūros ir slaugos poreikių tyrimas. Darbo uždaviniai: Įvertinti rizikos veiksnius, veikiančius koronarine širdies liga sergančius pacientus, ir nustatyti pacientų žinias apie rizikos veiksnių modifikavimo būtinumą; Ištirti koronarine širdies liga sergančių pacientų biopsichoemocinę būklę; Išanalizuoti koronarine širdies liga sergančių pacientų fizinį aktyvumą; Ištirti pacientų gyvenimo kokybę, susijusią su sveikatos būkle; Pasiūlyti galimus slaugytojo darbo su pacientais metodus, siekiant įgyvendinti širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų susirgimų prevenciją. Medžiaga ir metodika: Tyrimo objektas – koronarine širdies liga sergančių pacientų žinios, sveikatos priežiūros ir slaugos poreikiai. Tyrimo populiacija - 100 pacientų, sergančių koronarine širdies liga. Tyrimo metodas – koronarine širdies liga sergančių pacientų apklausa (interviu) panaudojant standartizuotus klausimynus, ligos istorijų analizė, fizinių paciento duomenų matavimai. Panaudoti klausimynai: Klausimynas, parengtas Europos kardiologų draugijos, skirtas ES šalių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Following the information by the World Health Organization (WHO) CHD is the leading cause of disability and early death all over the world. Modification of risk factors may reduce the number of clinical records and early deaths. Prevention measures need to be taken for individuals with already diagnosed CHD as well as those with risk factors for CHD. Thesis objective: Investigation of healthcare and nursing needs of patients after CHD. Thesis tasks: Assessment of risk factors affecting patients suffering from CHD and knowledge possessed by patients suffering from CHD about the need for modification of the risk factors; Examination of biopsychoemotional condition of patients suffering from CHD; Analysis of physical activity of patients suffering from CHD; Examination of health condition–related quality of life of patients suffering from CHD; Suggesting possible methods of nursing staff working with the patients aiming at CHD prevention. Material and methodology: Investigation target: Knowledge possessed by patients suffering from CHD; healthcare and nursing needs. Investigation method: interviewed patients suffering from CHD through applying standardized questionnaires; analysis of case records, measurements of physical data of patients. Questionnaires used: Questionnaire developed by the European Society of Cardiology, aimed to assess the level of knowledge on prophylaxis of CHD EU-wide; HADS Questionnaire – Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; EUROQOL 5D Questionnaire... [to full text]