Nas últimas décadas, ocorreram profundas reestruturações em diversas áreas, na ciência, na economia, na indústria, e conseqüentemente, nas organizações que compõem este cenário. A complexidade, velocidade e, competitividade existentes no cenário empresarial impõem a existência de formas organizacionais que permitam a rápida capacidade de aprendizagem e mudança. Existe espaço para justificar trabalhos de natureza teóricos e empíricos, ao se procurar verificar quais são os mecanismos de coordenação das formas híbridas, bem como verificar a efetividade da confiança, como um destes mecanismos e em que condições isto acontece. O foco central deste trabalho foi verificar o papel da confiança na definição de formas organizacionais. Por intermédio da elaboração de um framework, estudou-se a vitivinicultura brasileira, abrangendo a uva de mesa no Vale do São Francisco e o vinho na Serra Gaúcha. Além do foco central, as contribuições teóricas foram: trazer para o Agronegócio uma perspectiva mais abrangente de aplicação da Economia dos Custos de Transação, a elaboração de um conceito de coordenação a partir das abordagens presentes no framework, teste teórico e empírico a se confiança é um mecanismo de coordenação. A investigação baseou-se em dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observação direta, entrevistas, questionários aplicados a 120 produtores na Serra Gaúcha. O objetivo principal do estudo foi analisar o papel da confiança na identificação de formas organizacionais na vitivinicultura brasileira, por meio da construção de um framework com vistas a uma possível integração teórica entre a Confiança, Teoria Organizacional (relações de dependência e interdependências) e Economia dos Custos de Transação. Os resultados encontrados permitem considerar a confiança como fator primordial na identificação de formas organizacionais, uma vez que se pôde considerá-la como um mecanismo de coordenação. O framework proposto mostrou-se consistente na identificação dos tipos de mecanismo de coordenação, tipos de confiança, e formas organizacionais presentes no Vale do São Francisco e na Serra Gaúcha. / In the last decades they happened deep restructurings in several areas, as in the science, in the economy, in the industry and consequently in the organizations that compose this scenery. The complexity, speed and existent competitiveness in the business scenery impose the existence of organizational forms that allow the fast learning capacity and change. Space exists to justify theoretical and empiric nature works, trying to verify which they are the mechanisms of coordination in the hybrid forms, as well as to verify the effectiveness of the trust as one of these mechanisms and in that conditions this happens. The central focus of this work was to verify the role of Trust in the definition of organizational forms. Through the application of a framework, brazilian viticulture was studied, including the table grape in Vale do São Francisco and the wine in Serra Gaúcha. Besides the central focus the theoretical contributions were:bring to Agrobusiness a more realistic dimension of the Economy of Transaction Costs, elaborate a concept of coordination based in present approaches of the framework, to test theoretical and empirically if trust is a coordination mechanism. The investigation based itself on data collected through bibliographical and documentary research, direct observation, interviews, questionnaires applied to 120 producers in the Serra Gaúcha. The main objective of the study was to analyze the role of trust in the identification of organizational forms in Brazilian viticulture, through the construction of a framework aiming a possible theoretical integration between Trust, Organizational Theory (relationships of dependence and interdependences) and Economy of Transaction Costs. The found results allow us to consider trust as a primordial elemnt in identificating organizational forms, since it can be considered a coordination mechanism. The proposed framework was shown solid; in identificating types of coordination mechanism, types of trust, and in the present organizational forms in Vale do San Francisco and in Serra Gaúcha.

Nas últimas décadas, ocorreram profundas reestruturações em diversas áreas, na ciência, na economia, na indústria, e conseqüentemente, nas organizações que compõem este cenário. A complexidade, velocidade e, competitividade existentes no cenário empresarial impõem a existência de formas organizacionais que permitam a rápida capacidade de aprendizagem e mudança. Existe espaço para justificar trabalhos de natureza teóricos e empíricos, ao se procurar verificar quais são os mecanismos de coordenação das formas híbridas, bem como verificar a efetividade da confiança, como um destes mecanismos e em que condições isto acontece. O foco central deste trabalho foi verificar o papel da confiança na definição de formas organizacionais. Por intermédio da elaboração de um framework, estudou-se a vitivinicultura brasileira, abrangendo a uva de mesa no Vale do São Francisco e o vinho na Serra Gaúcha. Além do foco central, as contribuições teóricas foram: trazer para o Agronegócio uma perspectiva mais abrangente de aplicação da Economia dos Custos de Transação, a elaboração de um conceito de coordenação a partir das abordagens presentes no framework, teste teórico e empírico a se confiança é um mecanismo de coordenação. A investigação baseou-se em dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observação direta, entrevistas, questionários aplicados a 120 produtores na Serra Gaúcha. O objetivo principal do estudo foi analisar o papel da confiança na identificação de formas organizacionais na vitivinicultura brasileira, por meio da construção de um framework com vistas a uma possível integração teórica entre a Confiança, Teoria Organizacional (relações de dependência e interdependências) e Economia dos Custos de Transação. Os resultados encontrados permitem considerar a confiança como fator primordial na identificação de formas organizacionais, uma vez que se pôde considerá-la como um mecanismo de coordenação. O framework proposto mostrou-se consistente na identificação dos tipos de mecanismo de coordenação, tipos de confiança, e formas organizacionais presentes no Vale do São Francisco e na Serra Gaúcha. / In the last decades they happened deep restructurings in several areas, as in the science, in the economy, in the industry and consequently in the organizations that compose this scenery. The complexity, speed and existent competitiveness in the business scenery impose the existence of organizational forms that allow the fast learning capacity and change. Space exists to justify theoretical and empiric nature works, trying to verify which they are the mechanisms of coordination in the hybrid forms, as well as to verify the effectiveness of the trust as one of these mechanisms and in that conditions this happens. The central focus of this work was to verify the role of Trust in the definition of organizational forms. Through the application of a framework, brazilian viticulture was studied, including the table grape in Vale do São Francisco and the wine in Serra Gaúcha. Besides the central focus the theoretical contributions were:bring to Agrobusiness a more realistic dimension of the Economy of Transaction Costs, elaborate a concept of coordination based in present approaches of the framework, to test theoretical and empirically if trust is a coordination mechanism. The investigation based itself on data collected through bibliographical and documentary research, direct observation, interviews, questionnaires applied to 120 producers in the Serra Gaúcha. The main objective of the study was to analyze the role of trust in the identification of organizational forms in Brazilian viticulture, through the construction of a framework aiming a possible theoretical integration between Trust, Organizational Theory (relationships of dependence and interdependences) and Economy of Transaction Costs. The found results allow us to consider trust as a primordial elemnt in identificating organizational forms, since it can be considered a coordination mechanism. The proposed framework was shown solid; in identificating types of coordination mechanism, types of trust, and in the present organizational forms in Vale do San Francisco and in Serra Gaúcha.

Nas últimas décadas, ocorreram profundas reestruturações em diversas áreas, na ciência, na economia, na indústria, e conseqüentemente, nas organizações que compõem este cenário. A complexidade, velocidade e, competitividade existentes no cenário empresarial impõem a existência de formas organizacionais que permitam a rápida capacidade de aprendizagem e mudança. Existe espaço para justificar trabalhos de natureza teóricos e empíricos, ao se procurar verificar quais são os mecanismos de coordenação das formas híbridas, bem como verificar a efetividade da confiança, como um destes mecanismos e em que condições isto acontece. O foco central deste trabalho foi verificar o papel da confiança na definição de formas organizacionais. Por intermédio da elaboração de um framework, estudou-se a vitivinicultura brasileira, abrangendo a uva de mesa no Vale do São Francisco e o vinho na Serra Gaúcha. Além do foco central, as contribuições teóricas foram: trazer para o Agronegócio uma perspectiva mais abrangente de aplicação da Economia dos Custos de Transação, a elaboração de um conceito de coordenação a partir das abordagens presentes no framework, teste teórico e empírico a se confiança é um mecanismo de coordenação. A investigação baseou-se em dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observação direta, entrevistas, questionários aplicados a 120 produtores na Serra Gaúcha. O objetivo principal do estudo foi analisar o papel da confiança na identificação de formas organizacionais na vitivinicultura brasileira, por meio da construção de um framework com vistas a uma possível integração teórica entre a Confiança, Teoria Organizacional (relações de dependência e interdependências) e Economia dos Custos de Transação. Os resultados encontrados permitem considerar a confiança como fator primordial na identificação de formas organizacionais, uma vez que se pôde considerá-la como um mecanismo de coordenação. O framework proposto mostrou-se consistente na identificação dos tipos de mecanismo de coordenação, tipos de confiança, e formas organizacionais presentes no Vale do São Francisco e na Serra Gaúcha. / In the last decades they happened deep restructurings in several areas, as in the science, in the economy, in the industry and consequently in the organizations that compose this scenery. The complexity, speed and existent competitiveness in the business scenery impose the existence of organizational forms that allow the fast learning capacity and change. Space exists to justify theoretical and empiric nature works, trying to verify which they are the mechanisms of coordination in the hybrid forms, as well as to verify the effectiveness of the trust as one of these mechanisms and in that conditions this happens. The central focus of this work was to verify the role of Trust in the definition of organizational forms. Through the application of a framework, brazilian viticulture was studied, including the table grape in Vale do São Francisco and the wine in Serra Gaúcha. Besides the central focus the theoretical contributions were:bring to Agrobusiness a more realistic dimension of the Economy of Transaction Costs, elaborate a concept of coordination based in present approaches of the framework, to test theoretical and empirically if trust is a coordination mechanism. The investigation based itself on data collected through bibliographical and documentary research, direct observation, interviews, questionnaires applied to 120 producers in the Serra Gaúcha. The main objective of the study was to analyze the role of trust in the identification of organizational forms in Brazilian viticulture, through the construction of a framework aiming a possible theoretical integration between Trust, Organizational Theory (relationships of dependence and interdependences) and Economy of Transaction Costs. The found results allow us to consider trust as a primordial elemnt in identificating organizational forms, since it can be considered a coordination mechanism. The proposed framework was shown solid; in identificating types of coordination mechanism, types of trust, and in the present organizational forms in Vale do San Francisco and in Serra Gaúcha.

With the increased demand for doing more with less, public sector managers embrace outsourcing back-office functions through a shared service model; however, maintaining service quality for public sector shared service centers (SSC) in financial management during peak cycles is a challenge. Framed with the transaction cost economy theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies used by SSC managers in a public sector company to maintain service quality. Seven participants with more than 4 years of SSC experience in public-sector companies participated in phone interviews including SSC department heads, managers, and a supervisor of a public-sector company in Mississippi who implemented strategies to successfully maintain service quality in the SSC relationship. Through method triangulation, a review of service level agreements and key performance indicators supplemented open-ended semistructured interviews. The research findings included emergent themes of training and documentation, employee engagement, control and communication, efficiency and automation, and standardization and metrics. The SSC strategies in training and documentation, control and communication, and employee engagement were fundamental for maintaining service quality in SSC relationship. Study findings may help public sector SSC managers understand how to incorporate and implement successful strategies in financial management divisions to maintain service quality. Positive social change includes identifying methods to increased efficiency and service quality in a financial management division. Society could benefit from improvements in employee work-life balance, reduced turnover, and increases in the economic well-being of community residents.

Sammanfattning Titel: Vd:ars rapporterade motiv till redovisning av hållbarhet i svenska tillverkande företag. En kvalitativ studie om vd:ns tankar om varför företaget upprättar en hållbarhetsrapport eller inte. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sara Enegren och Joanna Hedin Handledare: Fredrik Hartwig och Asif Huq Datum: 2022 - juni Bakgrund: Hållbarhet har de senaste åren blivit ett alltmer aktuellt ämne, framför allt för företag. Som en följd av detta har kraven på redovisning utökats. Numera krävs ytterligare information om företagens verksamhet utöver den finansiella. Tidigare forskning på hållbarhetsredovisning har fokuserat på att finna samband mellan företagsspecifika faktorer såsom storlek och bransch. Vi menar att detta riskerar att inte kunna säga något om de verkliga motiven till upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningar. I den här studien råder vi bot på det genom att intervjua vd:ar, som i normalfallet har en stor inverkan på vad som kommuniceras externt, och frågar om vilka upplevda motiv som enligt dem ligger bakom upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningar. Vi upplever att forskning saknas på framför allt svenska företag och deras unika kontext. På så vis bidrar denna studie med att utforska ett område som saknas i tidigare forskning och söker ny kunskap om hur motiven påverkas i olika miljöer. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka vd:ars rapporterade motiv till att upprätta hållbarhetsredovisning i svenska tillverkande företag. Metod: Materialet har samlats in genom åtta intervjuer tillsammans med en kompletterande enkät. Arbetet med studien har utgått från den kategorisering som gjorts i teorin. Dessa kategorier återfanns även i resultatet av intervjuerna. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att motiv är komplexa och ofta sammankopplade i en kedjeeffekt. Sättet som motiven framhålls av respondenterna förefaller vara till viss del kontextuellt beroende och föränderliga över företagets utvecklingsfas. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till ny kunskap om motiv till hållbarhetsrapportering i en svensk kontext, vilket är studiens teoretiska bidrag. Praktiskt bidrar detta som underlag för reglerare att fatta beslut utifrån. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Fortsatt forskning kan göras med ett större urval för att kunna göra generaliseringar. Dessutom vore det intressant att följa upp vår reflektion om att företagets utvecklingsfas kan spela roll för vilka motiv som styr. / Abstract Title: CEOs' reported motives for reporting sustainability in Swedish manufacturing companies. A qualitative study of the CEO's thoughts on why the company prepares a sustainability report or not. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor degree in business administration Authors: Sara Enegren and Joanna Hedin Supervisor: Fredrik Hartwig and Asif Huq Date: 2022-June Background: In recent years, sustainability has become an increasingly relevant topic, especially for companies. As a result, the accounting requirements have expanded. More information is now required about the companies' operations apart from the financial report. Previous research on sustainability reporting has been undertaken to find connections between specific factors such as size and industry. We believe there is a risk that this will not be able to say anything about the real motives for the preparation of sustainability reports. In this study we remedy this by interviewing CEOs, who normally have a major impact on what is communicated externally and examine what perceived motives are behind the preparation of sustainability reports. We feel that research is lacking, especially on Swedish companies and their unique context. In this way, this study contributes to exploring an area that is missing in the previous research and seeks new knowledge about how the motives are affected in different environments. Aim: The purpose is to investigate the CEOs' reported motives for preparing sustainability reports in Swedish manufacturing companies. Method: The material was collected by eight interviews together with a supplementary questionnaire. This study is based on the categorization made in the theory. These categories were also found in the results of the interviews. Results and conclusion: The study shows that motives are complex and often interconnected in a chain effect. The way in which motives are emphasized by the respondents seems to be to some extent contextually dependent and variable over the company's development phase. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to new knowledge about motives for sustainability reporting in a Swedish context, which is the study's theoretical contribution. In practice, this contributes as a basis for regulators to make decisions. Suggestions for further research: Further research can be done with a larger sample to be able to make generalizations. In addition, it would be interesting to follow up on our reflection about the meaning of the company's development phase linked to the perceived motives.

[pt] Esta dissertação documenta o volume negociado dos contratos futuros sobre nove commodities agropecuárias negociadas na Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&F), entre dezembro de 1999 e dezembro de 2003. A análise identifica as commodities mais negociadas e, a partir daí, estuda a formação dos preços futuros do boi gordo e do milho. O trabalho mostra como usar a crise brasileira de 2002 para identificar o impacto de custos de transação e expectativas de crise sobre os preços futuros do boi gordo e do milho. / [en] This work documents the trade volume of nine agricultural futures contracts negotiated on the Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&F), between December of 1999 and December of 2003. The analysis identifies the most traded commodities and, then, studies the formation of futures prices of live cattle and corn. The work shows how to use the Brazilian currency crisis of 2002 to identify the impact of storage costs and crisis expectations on the futures prices of live cattle and corn.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to find out when Research and Development (R&D) becomes a suitable attribute for a production company to outsource. In an environment where innovations are following up quickly up and uncertainty about the type of innovation and customer is a fact, external sourcing can bring a competitive advantage. The empirical evidence shows that when R&D is outsourced the total cost does not increase at a due cause of outsourcing in this given study.</p><p>Although a lot of theory explains outsourcing as a cost increasing factor, the internal experience and frequent relation between the technical production company Beta and its R&D vendor company Alfa can decrease costs considerably due to lower communication and governance costs. This was not explicitly expressed in related theory and is therefore a contribution to the academia as well as for managers who seek to find an answer to the question of when to outsource and when not to outsource.</p>

This study uses academic literature from peer-reviewed journals to assess the literary consensus of the three perspectives. The literature has been found by using specific keywords and an assortment of scholarly databases. The analysis of the literature is structured according to explanations for alliance formation, the attainment of advantages, and disadvantages according to the perspectives. The study is written in article format. Conclusions: The perspectives both overlap and differ from one another but focus on different aspects and incentives. There are, however, more similarities between the resource-based and knowledge-based views. Transaction cost theory and the knowledge-based view are narrow explanatory models, whereas the resource-based view offers a broader view on alliances.

The purpose of this thesis is to find out when Research and Development (R&amp;D) becomes a suitable attribute for a production company to outsource. In an environment where innovations are following up quickly up and uncertainty about the type of innovation and customer is a fact, external sourcing can bring a competitive advantage. The empirical evidence shows that when R&amp;D is outsourced the total cost does not increase at a due cause of outsourcing in this given study. Although a lot of theory explains outsourcing as a cost increasing factor, the internal experience and frequent relation between the technical production company Beta and its R&amp;D vendor company Alfa can decrease costs considerably due to lower communication and governance costs. This was not explicitly expressed in related theory and is therefore a contribution to the academia as well as for managers who seek to find an answer to the question of when to outsource and when not to outsource.

Submitted by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-01-13T18:08:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação.Nádia Delamelina.pdf: 1366888 bytes, checksum: 98693d326437d60549096a3e4c5cef91 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-03-03T18:30:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação.Nádia Delamelina.pdf: 1366888 bytes, checksum: 98693d326437d60549096a3e4c5cef91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T18:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação.Nádia Delamelina.pdf: 1366888 bytes, checksum: 98693d326437d60549096a3e4c5cef91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O principal objetivo desta Dissertação é estudar como são estabelecidas as relações contratuais entre as cooperativas agropecuárias do Espírito Santo e como estas relações permitem reduzir os custos de transação. A motivação básica, portanto, é contribuir para que as cooperativas voltadas para este ramo possam melhor estruturar a governança de suas transações. Para atingir estes objetivos, a base teórica que apóia este trabalho é discutida em uma revisão de literatura da Teoria dos Custos de Transação, abordando seus princípios teóricos. Outra investigação importante para o debate a ser realizado neste estudo refere-se ao surgimento do sistema cooperativista, seu conceito e sua forma de funcionamento. A conexão estabelecida entre estes dois temas é considerada importante para entender a natureza das cooperativas, principalmente em seu conceito de firma (ou instituição) que busca organizar as trocas (de bens e/ou serviços) de maneira eficiente. O estudo busca, portanto, compreender quais estruturas estas associações adotam para realizar suas transações, propondo estruturas alternativas que permitam reduzir os custos de transação de forma eficiente e aumentar o retorno esperado pelos produtores, de acordo com as propostas da teoria. O estudo revela que o comportamento de diversas cooperativas é diferente do proposto pela TCT. Em alguns desses casos, isto impede que elas reduzam os custos de transação da forma mais eficiente possível. Em outros, no entanto, as práticas que colidem com o proposto na TCT (por motivos idiossincráticos, institucionais e/ou estruturais próprios da organização) podem trazer resultados auspiciosos para as cooperativas. / This Dissertation aims to study how the contractual relationships are established between the agricultural cooperatives of the Espírito Santo and how these relations allow a transaction costs reduction. The basic motivation, therefore, is to help them to structure the governance of their transactions. To achieve these objectives, the Dissertation starts with a literature review of the Transaction Cost Theory, approaching its theoretical principles. Another important debate for the research refers to the emergence of the cooperative system, its concept and its way of functioning. The connection established between these two issues is important to understand the nature of cooperatives, especially in his concept of the firm (or institution) that seeks to organize trade (goods and/or services) efficiently. The study, therefore, seeks also to understand what structures these associations adopt to conduct their transactions, proposing alternative structures to reduce transaction costs efficiently and increase expected returns by producers. The study reveals that the behavior of several cooperatives is different from proposed by the TCT. However, this does not mean that the results obtained this way are inefficient. In some of these cases, this prevents them to reduce transaction costs in the most efficient way. In others, the practices that conflict with the proposed TCT (for idiosyncratic, institutional, structural, and even organizational reasons) can bring auspicious results.