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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-08-03T13:07:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_MarielaCarmenOcampoAraya.pdf: 5980023 bytes, checksum: 992c7bad1817b2e43690a5c79efc2373 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-14T21:21:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_MarielaCarmenOcampoAraya.pdf: 5980023 bytes, checksum: 992c7bad1817b2e43690a5c79efc2373 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T21:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_MarielaCarmenOcampoAraya.pdf: 5980023 bytes, checksum: 992c7bad1817b2e43690a5c79efc2373 (MD5) / Este trabalho de pesquisa adopta o sistema de classificação de encostas baseado no Hillslope Quality Index (HSQI) proposto por Moreno-Ceballos (2015) e é validado utilizando como exemplo de aplicação 19 quilômetros do trecho do projeto rodoviário (Sifón-La Abundancia) localizado numa zona tropical úmida montanhosa na Zona Norte da Costa Rica. Para aplicação do sistema, primeiramente foi realizado um trabalho de campo, no qual verificou-se o estado atual da via e realizou-se uma descrição das características geológicas da zona, assim como um também um listado dos sistemas de estabilização encontrados ao longo do trecho de análise. A avaliação do desempenho deste sistema foi realizada comparando as hipóteses probabilísticas propostas pelo autor com as obtidas no caso da Costa Rica. Adicionalmente o desempenho foi avaliado por meio da análise ROC. Para melhorar este sistema de classificação, foi introduzida a influência do clima ao considerar a média da precipitação mensal da zona representada pelo parâmetro de umidade do solo (Sh) definido por Método Mora & Vahrson (1994). Como resultado foram obtidas distintas porcentagens que representa a posição do lençol freático na relação (Hw/H) em função da precipitação da zona, os quais podem ser usados como dados de entrada no cálculo de HSQI. Outra fase desta pesquisa consistiu no desenvolvimento de um inventário de 81 deslizamentos ao longo da zona de estudo utilizando imagens Lidar. Estas imagens, foram utilizadas para o cálculo das áreas dos deslizamentos encontrados. Seguidamente, foi realizado a análise de distribuição dos deslizamentos seguindo os critérios de Malamud et al., (2004) para analisar a frequência dos deslizamentos e sua relação com a construção da estrada.. Dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que o sistema de classificação HSQI apresenta um bom desempenho segundo o analise ROC na qual obteve-se uma taxa de 69% de casos positivos e 31% de casos negativos. Ao analisar a diferença da densidade de probabilidade dos deslizamentos na zona de estudo com a Distribuição Gama-Inversa, proposta por Malamud et al., (2004), associa-se que ao redor de 37% destes eventos com áreas de até 450 m2 puderam ser ocasionados por efeitos antrópicos. / This study adopts a geotechnical classification system for roadways based on Hillslope Quality Index (HSQI) proposed by Moreno-Ceballos (2015) and is validated using as an application case of 19 kilometers from roadway located in a mountainous tropical rain zone on the North Zone in Costa Rica. Firstly, a fieldwork was carried out in which geological characteristics were verified and a checklist of stabilizing factors found along a roadway was made. The assessment of performance of the system was made comparing the results obtained in Costa Rica with the probabilistic hypothesis proposed by the author. Additionally, performance assessment by Receiver operating characteristics analysis (ROC) was applied as well. To improve the HSQI classification System, were introduced the weather influence considering monthly precipitation average, defined by soil moisture parameter (Sh) proposed by Mora & Vahrson Method (1994). As a result, were obtained different values that represents the water table position (Hw/H) that were used as an input dada in HSQI system. A landslide catalog for this study area was completed using a set of high resolution Lidar, the catalog include 81 landslides along the roadway. Malamud et al., (2004) criteria was considered for the analysis of landslide frequency event and the relationship along roadway construction. As a conclusion, it is defined that HSQI System has a good performance according to ROC analyses, the resultant true positives (Tp) and false positives (Fp) rates equal to 69% and 31%, respectively. The difference observed between probability density function and the Inverse-Gamma Distribution obtained in the studied area showed that about 37% of the landslide (with 450 m2 area) events were triggered by anthropic factors.

No description available.

This study is based on ethnographic research that was conducted in the villages of Santa María de Rivas and San Gerardo de Rivas in the coffee farming region of Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. While these two villages are in close proximity to each other, the economy of San Gerardo is based more on tourism than the economy of Santa María, although both towns still engage in agricultural activities. Within each village, I conducted 15 preliminary interviews, followed by ten follow-up interviews with the main food preparers of the households. From in depth discussions, I found that food consumption patterns of people in both towns were being affected by seasonal variations in incomes due to the cyclical nature of employment in both tourism and agriculture. A number of households from these villages were experiencing periods of food worries throughout the year that were linked to the seasonality of tourism as well as agriculture, and in particular coffee production. Seasonal availability of particular food items also shaped consumption patterns; however, perceptions of food insecurity in this context appear to be primarily related to problems of access.

Renato Víquez Jiménez. Abogado con especialidad en Derecho administrativo. Profesor de Derecho Internacional Público y Administrativo. Embajador de Costa Rica en Perú. / Se hará una contextualización y una valoración de la temática ambiental dentro del contexto internacional de un mundo cambiante así como el tratamiento y desarrollo que otorga el Estado Costarricense al medio ambiente.

The main objective of the dissertation is to formulate a .system for financial analysis and planning in the Costa Rican economy. First, a tentative structure within which a model of the financial system can be organized is outlined, and the corresponding statistical tables are constructed for the period 1961-1975. It is expected that such tables will be periodically updated and incorporated into a series of publications which describe and analyze financial developments in Costa Rica. The study then analyzes the evolution of the Costa Rican financial system based on the generated data and a set of well-known financial indicators. Finally, alternative linear financial models are formulated and estimated; they are the basis for an analysis of financial interdependence, i.e., the process through which sectoral investment and/or saving decisions generate indirect financi~l consequences in the rest of the economy. Some interesting findings of the study, related to the analysis of financial developments during the period 1961-1975, are the observed rapid growth of the relative size of the Costa Rican financial super-structure, coupled with an accelerated process of monetization of the economy. In addition the importance of the foreign sector in the financial.activities of the country shows a considerable increase. The empirical evidence that emerges from estimating alternative linear financial models suggests a considerable degree of financial interdependence, with the government sector taking a predominant role in the generation of financial multiplier effects. It also indicates that the definition of sectoral preferences over liability holdings as a behavioral assumption in the underlying model, explains the pattern of sectoral financial behavior in the Costa Rican economy more effectively than the alternative assumption that preferences are defined over asset holdings. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

An average slope index and a number of agricultural productivity indices were determined for a sample of 100 districts in Costa Rica. To establish the relationship between these variables, correlation coefficients were calculated between the average slope index, on the one hand and, on the other, total gross agricultural income, total net agricultural income and also income and yields for individual crops. These relationships were calculated for the meseta central (the central, highly-populated area) and for areas outside of the meseta central and for the total sample taken from all of Costa Rica. Cases in which gross agricultural incomes were much lower than predicted by the study were investigated further to identify other factors which may have influenced the results. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)