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A problem in counselor education is the need to develop methods that would be more directly related to effective outcome in counseling. Researchers have concluded that success in counseling goals is related to clients' increased ability to monitor and modify their own behaviors and that counselor trainees whose education included an emphasis on learning self-regulation skills would be more effective in bringing about greater client self-regulation. Another need is for a theoretical formulation toward the development of more effective instructional methods. The concepts of holism and self-control, which were considered potentially useful within the theoretical system of Adler's Individual Psychology were combined with the methods of biofeedback, imagery, and self-control skills training in the synthesis of a prototypical instructional set. The purpose of the study was to experimentally evaluate this set and the potential validity and utility of the proposed conceptual framework. The hypothesis was that four graduate counselor students would demonstrate improvement in self-regulatory attitudes and behaviors after the treatment condition, which consisted of the instructional set. Electromyographic (EMG) physiological measurements, and scores on the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External locus-of-control scale were used to assess changes in the subjects' self-regulation, using the single-subject, multiple baseline across-subjects experiment design. Analysis of the results showed that subjects improved in control of muscle activity and in attitudinal direction of internal locus of control. The EMG physiological measurement was considered useful for this type of study, showing an adequate balance of sensitivity and stability. However, the locus-of-control measure was not considered adequate for this population because of an observed "floor" effect. The results were interpreted as having supported the hypothesis and were considered to have established the usefulness of the theoretical framework to generate research and the potential utility of the instructional method in counselor education. Suggestions are made for improvement for the use of EMG scores in the baseline phase and for minimal requirements for an adequate attitudinal scale for further research in this area.

"The aim of the writer in making this study is not to set up new goals and propose new course content, but rather to re-interpret the old by rearranging emphases and attempting to interpret the old by rearranging emphases and attempting to discover some of the possible but little used means available to a camp director for pre-camp counselor training. The study will include wide reading in current and past literature in camping and allied fields, a crystallization of the writer's thoughts, and a suggestion of possible methods for achieving the objectives of a pre-camp counselor training program"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "April 30, 1948." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of the Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science under Plan II." / Advisor: Katherine W. Montgomery, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references.

The primary purpose of this longitudinal, quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effects of a bipartite, standardized case conceptualization training among participants in comparison to those who were exposed to both the training and deliberate practice coaching. The secondary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the training and aspects of deliberate practice, along with participants’ attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP). A total of 84 counselor trainees were recruited from two South Florida universities. Participants in both the experimental group (n = 35) and comparison group (n = 49) received two, three-hour training lectures, which explained the integrative case conceptualization model developed by Dr. Len Sperry in 1989. Over a period of eight weeks, the lectures were separated by approximately four weeks in order to assess whether the training effects persist over time. As measured by the Views About Case Conceptualization (VACC) instrument, the first training lecture effectively reduced case conceptualization myths for both groups by approximately 4 points (out of 25), t (83) = -8.53, p < .001. Repeated measures MANOVA showed that the training had a significant impact on the entire sample. As measured by the Case Conceptualization Evaluation Form (CCEF) 2.0, the comparison group’s overall mean score improvement was approximately 40 points (out of 100) and the experimental group’s overall mean score improvement was approximately 63 points (out of 100), F (4.256, 348.974) = 32.102, p < .001. The results reveal that the training and coaching had a significant effect on counselor trainees’ ability to write effective case conceptualizations with a partial eta-squared effect size of .281. Using both the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) and Moulaert Questionnaire, this study also examined the influence of attitudes toward EBP and aspects of deliberate practice on trainees' case conceptualization competence. Paired samples t-tests and correlation analysis revealed that participants became more “open” to EBP, t (83) = -5.280, p < .001. However, it was determined that coaching did not act as a mediating or moderating variable. Overall, the findings support that case conceptualization training and deliberate practice coaching increase counselor competence, and that the effects persist over time. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Youth today experience high degrees of loss and change, resulting in grief (Goldman, 2001). Little evidence exists of school counselors' academic preparation in grief counseling. The purpose of this research study was to determine how CACREP school counseling programs prepare school counselors in the areas of grief and loss, including course delivery methods, included curriculum areas, and reasons for exclusion. A quantitative, descriptive design was utilized. The "School Counselors Preparation in Grief/Loss and Substance Abuse Counseling" survey was designed for data collection and sent to the 150 United States CACREP accredited school counseling programs. A total of 79 programs responded, resulting in a 53% response rate. Research results found that 40% of responding CACREP programs did not offer any grief and loss preparation to their pre-service school counselors. Sixty percent indicated providing some training. Data show that 11% of programs required a course and 50% offered an elective course. Additionally, 48% of respondents taught a module on grief and loss within a required course, and 13% through a module in an elective course. Results found 6 respondents included all 17 suggested curriculum areas, while the mean for curricula inclusion was 11 areas. Research indicated 78% of programs not offering grief and loss cited a lack of room to add more credits as their exclusion rationale. Furthermore 35% of respondents did not offer curriculum because it was not a CACREP requirement. Lacking trained staff and financial reasons were both reported by 25% of programs as reasons for non-inclusion. Facing grief and loss are realities of life. Helping students to acknowledge and cope with these realities is a necessary task, as loss is a normal, universal experience, encountered repeatedly (Lenhardt, 1997). CACREP standards position that counselor education programs will prepare students to meet the real life counseling situations they will face while working in schools (CACREP, 2001). Research results indicated an inconsistent delivery of appropriate training in grief and loss among responding CACREP school counseling programs. Counselor education programs may wish to examine if they are ethically and effectively preparing their 21st century graduates. Recommendations and limitations are included. / Graduation date: 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive account of school counselors' perceptions of helpful and hindering events of their Oregon State University's (OSU) master's level preservice school counselor social advocacy training. Participants as co-researchers in this study engaged in the in-depth interview process, shared perceptions of helpful and hindering events of training, and engaged in collaborative interpretation and data analysis. Co-researchers kept reflective journals during this study. The major findings from this study were that co-researchers' perceptions of helpful and hindering events of training in this program were based on their views of how effective and facilitative this training had proven to be in their experience as activist advocates for students in their professional practice. Co-researchers suggested revisions of the social advocacy training program design and content based on their lived experiences of training and practice as social activist school counselors. / Graduation date: 2001

This follow-up study investigated the effect of a systems-oriented graduate training program upon system thinking among practitioners who had completed training, using a post-test only, treatment-comparison group design. The subjects consisted of practitioners matriculated through two counselor-related programs at a medium-sized college in the Northwest during the years 1985-1991. A family systems-oriented training program for clinical child and youth work (CCYW) counselors and a nonsystems- oriented training program for school and agency counselors (SAC), respectively, were the sources for treatment (n=40) and comparison (n=30) groups. The theoretical orientations of the two programs were the principal independent variable, and years of post-training experience, conjugal experience, and age (life experience) were the additional independent variables used for the study. The principal dependent variable was systemic thinking and the secondary dependent variable was executive skill (therapeutic intervention skills). Data was collected from the administration of the Family Therapy Assessment Exercise (FTAE), developed by Breunlin and Associates (1989). The FTAE consists of a 30-minute videotaped simulated family therapy session, followed by administration of a series of multiple-choice questions concerned with subject judgments of therapeutic steps portrayed in the simulation. The FTAE has been found to have high discriminative validity across studies for the measurement of systemic thinking among subjects with different levels of training in family systems therapy. The primary research hypothesis was that means scores for the treatment group would be higher for systemic thinking than for the comparison group. Descriptive and inferential statistics were derived from the data and multiple regression analysis was conducted. The statistical hypothesis of no difference was set at the .05 level of significance. From findings, the null hypothesis was rejected at the .01 level of significance and the research hypothesis was accepted. From correlational tests between systems thinking and the three secondary independent variables, and between Executive Skills and the two independent variables of years of experience and conjugal experience, differences for the null hypotheses were not found to be significant at .05 and were not rejected. These results indicated that relative to the variables considered for the study, systems-oriented training had an important effect upon the ability to predict systems thinking abilities. The implications of the findings and recommendations for future research were discussed. / Graduation date: 1995

This study examined the education and preparation of 220 full-time learning assistance professionals in California's public Community College, State University, and University of California systems. The purpose of the study was to describe selected characteristics of the professionals and to assess their implications for future training programs. The results were reported in percents of responses, and analysis revealed considerable uniformity among the respondents despite the differences among the three public systems of higher education. The results of the study also suggested the importance of a uniform curriculum being established to prepare future learning assistance professionals for the field. Based upon the information generated by the results of the study, and a review of the literature, guidelines were developed that consisted of competencies and activities that should be included in a program designed to educate and train full-time learning assistance profesionals at the Master's degree level. Recommendations were included in the study. / Graduation date: 1993

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The general purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge about graduate-level trained personnel in the area of deafness. The first group of subjects were master's and doctoral degree graduates from The University of Arizona Rehabilitation Counseling with the Deaf Program who graduated during the period of June, 1969, to June, 1977. A total of 45 of a possible 60 graduates were included in the study. The second group of subjects were employers of the graduates. A total of 36 of a possible 45 employers were included in the study. Information from the two groups of subjects was obtained from questionnaires especially developed for use in this study.The results of the study show that the sex of the graduates was evenly divided between male and female; that the majority of graduates started the Program in the early 1970s and that twelve of the graduates had a hearing loss. Twenty-eight of the 45 graduates worked with the hearing impaired before entering the program. The employment history of the graduates since graduation from the Program showed that the majority worked in positions related to the profession of rehabilitation and that they have stayed in the field over a period of years.Furthermore, 86% of the graduates who were working at the time of the study were employed in positions related to hearing impaired populations. The majority of the master's degree graduates worked in positions as counselors or administrators , whereas the doctoral degree graduates worked in positions as professors or administrators. The median salary at the time of the study was $13,994 for the master's degree graduates and $24,000 for the doctoral degree graduates . The results showed that slightly over one-half of the graduates were working in school or rehabilitation education settings at the time of the study. Another one-fourth were working for State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation programs. The graduates performed a wide variety of duties in the various settings. The 29 graduates who listed counseling spent a median amount of only 25% of their time on this activity. The amount of "paper work" that the graduates were doing increased substantially from past positions to the positions they held at the time of the study. The graduates gave a large number of reasons for entering the Program. The most frequently mentioned reasons for entering were to fulfill a goal of working with deaf people and to increase their skill in counseling deaf people. The graduates rated "Manual Communication Skills" as the component of the curriculum they thought was the most relevant to their present position. This component was followed closely by that of "Practicum and Internship" and "Medical-Psychological-Social Aspects of Disabilities." "Rehabilitation-related Knowledge" and "Research and Testing" received the lowest ratings. The most frequently suggested way to improve the program was through more emphasis on counseling theory and practical applications of the theories. The second most frequently mentioned suggestion was to provide more exposure to deaf residents of the community.The employers of the graduates seemed to be satisfied with the professional competence of the graduates. Their rankings of specific areas of professional competence were for the most part in the "Above Average" or "Excellent" categories. The employers listed a number of other strengths which included such positive adjectives as empathic, caring, capable, effective, responsible, dependable, dedicated and hard working. The employers mentioned some weaknesses but in less frequently occurring numbers than the strengths. The largest single category mentioned was overcommitted or overinvolved.