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Cette Thèse a porté sur l’étude en fatigue oligocyclique et en fissuration des joints soudés des aciers inoxydables superausténitique (Alloy28) et duplex (UNS S32550). L’effet de la présence du joint soudé dans la structure a été examiné.La première étape de ce travail a consisté à étudier le comportement monotone et cyclique du métal de base et du métal d’apport de chaque nuance d’acier inoxydable de l’étude. Les lois de comportement à température ambiante ont été ainsi identifiées.Des essais de fatigue oligocyclique sous différents niveaux de déformation imposée ont été effectués sur les aciers inoxydables et leurs joints soudés. Les résultats indiquent que la durée de vie des soudures est plus faible que celle du métal de base. Les analyses des mécanismes d’endommagement montrent que la durée de vie réduite des joints soudés est attribuée à l’accélération de la phase d’amorçage.Enfin, les essais de propagation de fissure sur l’Alloy28 montrent que le rapport de charge a un effet sur la cinétique de propagation dû au phénomène de fermeture par rugosité et par plasticité. Les vitesses de propagation de fissure dans le métal d’apport sont très similaires à ceux du métal de base. Ceci est dû à la compensation de plusieurs effets comme le phénomène de fermeture, la rugosité et les contraintes résiduelles. L’acier inoxydable duplex ne présente pas d’effet de rapport de charge sur la cinétique de fissuration. Les vitesses de propagation de fissure du métal d’apport sont aussi comparables à celles du métal de base. / This thesis focused on the study of low cycle fatigue and crack growth of welded joints of superaustenitic (Alloy28) and Duplex (UNS S32550) stainless steels. The effect of the presence of the welded joint in the structure was also examined.The first part of this work was to study the monotonous and cyclic behavior of the base metal and weld metal of each stainless steel. The behavior laws of each material were identified at room temperature.Low cycle fatigue tests at different levels of deformation were performed on stainless steels and their welded joints. The results indicate that the fatigue life of welded joints is lower than the base metal. The analyses of damage mechanisms show that the short life of welded joints is attributed to the acceleration of the initiation phase.Finally, crack propagation tests in Alloy28 stainless steel show that load ratio has an effect on the crack growth rate due to the closure phenomenon by roughness and plasticity. The crack growth rate in the weld metal is very similar to that of the base metal. This is due to the compensation of various effects such as the roughness, the residual stress and the closure phenomenon. The duplex stainless steel does not present load ratio effect on the crack growth rate. The crack growth rates of the weld metal of the duplex stainless steel are also comparable to those of the base metal.

An extensive review of probabilistic techniques in fatigue analysis indicates that there is a need for new microstructure-sensitive methods in describing the effects of notches on the fatigue life reduction in cyclically loaded components. Of special interest are notched components made from polycrystalline nickel-base superalloys, which are used for high temperature applications in aircraft gas turbine engine disks. Microstructure-sensitive computational crystal plasticity is combined with novel probabilistic techniques to determine the probability of failure of notched components based on the distribution of slip within the notch root region and small crack initiation processes. The key microstructure features of two Ni-base superalloys, a fine and coarse grain IN100, are reviewed and the method in which these alloys are computationally modeled is presented. Next, the geometric model of the notched specimens and method of finite element polycrystalline reconstruction is demonstrated. Shear-based fatigue indicator parameters are used to characterize the shear-based, mode I formation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Finally, two different probabilistic approaches are described in this work including a grain-scale approach, which describes the probability of forming a crack on the order of grain size, and a transition crack length approach, which describes the probability of forming and propagating a crack to the transition crack length. These approaches are used to construct cumulative distribution functions for the probability of failure as a function of various notch root sizes and strain load amplitudes.

Hot sections of gas engine turbines require specialized materials to withstand extreme conditions present during engine operation. Nickel-base superalloys are typically used as blades and disks in the high pressure turbine section because they possess excellent fatigue strength, creep strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. Components undergo thermomechanical fatigue conditions as a result of transient engine operation. Sharp geometric features, such as cooling holes in blades or fir-tree connections in disks, act as local stress raisers. The material surrounding these features are potential sites of localized inelastic deformation and crack formation. To reduce customer costs associated with unnecessary overhauls or engine down-time, gas turbine manufacturers require accurate prediction methods to determine component endurances. The influence of stress concentration severity on thermomechanical fatigue crack formation is of particular importance as cracks often initiate in these hot spots. Circumferentially notched specimens were utilized to perform thermomechanical fatigue experiments on blade material CM247LC DS and disk material PM IN100. A parametric study on CM247LC DS was performed utilizing four notched specimens. Experimental results were coupled with finite element simulations utilizing continuum based constitutive models. The effects of applied boundary conditions on crack initiation life was studied in both alloys by performing experiments under remotely applied force and displacement boundary conditions. Finite element results were utilized to develop a life prediction method for notched components under thermomechanical fatigue conditions.