No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1899. / "This study was awarded the Cartwright Prize for 1899 by the Alumni Association of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York." "From Archives of neurology and psychopathology, volume II, 1899. Published simultaneously in the Archives of neurology and psychopathology and the Journal of comparative neurology, pages 21 to 319 and plates I to VII of volume II of the Archives being severally identical with pages 157 to 455 and plates XIV to XX of vol. IX of the Journal." Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-288).

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two tibial attachment sites for lateral suture stabilization (LSS) on the kinematics of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient (CrCL-D) canine stifle during early, middle and late stance.<br />Study design: In vitro biomechanical study: 32 hind limbs from 16 canine cadavers.<br />Methods: Limbs were mounted in a testing jig and an electromagnetic tracking system was used to determine 3-D stifle kinematics under 33% body weight load during early, middle and late stance in the following sequence: CrCL intact, CrCL-D and LSS with the distal anchor through the tibial tuberosity (LSSTT) or through the cranial eminence of the extensor groove (LSSEG). The proximal anchor point was the lateral femoro-fabellar ligament.<br />Results: Transection of the CrCL resulted in significant changes in stifle kinematics during early, middle and late stance. Post-LSS stifle kinematics were more comparable to normal than post-transection kinematics for both techniques. Both LSS techniques restored stifle kinematics in CrCL-D stifles to varying amounts but neither technique successfully restored normal 3-D stifle kinematics. LSSEG improved kinematics of the CrCL-D stifle in the medial-lateral direction and axial rotation but performed poorly in restoring stifle kinematics in the cranial-caudal plane as compared to LSSTT.<br />Clinical significance: LSSTT and LSSEG techniques failed to completely restore normal stifle kinematics in CrCL-D stifles in vitro. / Master of Science

No description available.

No description available.

As primeiras evidências arqueológicas a respeito do povoamento do litoral brasileiro durante a pré-história são a expansão de povos associados a sítios arqueológicos denominados sambaquis. Tais sítios ocorrem na costa brasileira, da Bahia até o Rio Grande do Sul, entre 6500 e 800 anos. Um dos modelos de dispersão inicial desses povos propõe que esta teria ocorrido em dois grandes eixos que se expandiram a partir da divisa entre São Paulo e Paraná. Há cerca de mil anos, ocorre o aparecimento de cerâmica em alguns sítios litorâneos, relacionada a grupos provenientes do interior do país. Modelos baseados na análise da morfologia craniana desses grupos indicam que em Santa Catarina, no seu litoral central, teria ocorrido a interação de dois grupos biológicos distintos antes da chegada da cerâmica, ao passo que no litoral norte de Santa Catarina, a chegada da cerâmica parece coincidir com a chegada de uma nova população. O objetivo da tese é testar as seguintes hipóteses através da análise morfológica craniana: I) os povos dos sambaquis representam, em termos regionais, pelo menos dois grupos com morfologias cranianas distintas, cuja dispersão coincide com dois bolsões regionais, um ao norte e outro ao sul de São Paulo; II) no litoral central de Santa Catarina existiram duas populações pré-cerâmicas com morfologia distinta, e com o aparecimento da cerâmica, ao menos no norte de Santa Catarina, surgiu uma nova morfologia craniana. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma diferenciação de dois grupos principais, cuja clivagem se dá na região do Paraná. Entretanto, a hipótese de que há dois grupos morfologicamente distintos em Santa Catarina antes da chegada da cerâmica não encontra apoio nos resultados obtidos. Em relação aos grupos ceramistas catarinenses, parece haver uma relativa diferenciação entre estes e as séries sem cerâmica dessa região. / The first archaeological evidence for the prehistoric colonization of the Brazilian coast is the expansion of groups associated with the archaeological sites of “sambaqui" (shellmound). These sites are distributed across the Brazilian coast, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, and date to between 6500 and 800 yBP. An initial dispersion of these groups was proposed from the boundary between São Paulo and Paraná. Pottery is found in some shelmound around 1,000 years ago and is associated to inland groups. Models based on cranial morphology suggest that on the central coast of Santa Catarina, there are two distinct groups before the occurrence of pottery, while on the north coast of Santa Catarina, the advent of pottery seems to coincide with the arrival of a new population. The objective of this study is to test the following hypothesis through cranial metrical and non-metrical analysis: I)the dispersion of shellmound populations in two distinct waves, will be inferred by differences in cranial morphology; II)on the central coast of Santa Catarina two distinct populations were present before the occurrence of pottery, and the arrival of ceramist populations brought a new cranial morphology at least in north Santa Catarina. Our results point to a differentiation of two main groups with a boundary in Paraná region. However, we did not find reasonable evidence for the presence of different cranial morphologies in Santa Catarina before the occurrence of pottery. Nonetheless, the occurrence of pottery coincides with the emergence of two relatively different cranial morphologies in Santa Catarina.

This is an original study to quantify and grade defect healing in a large animal cranial bone substitute model. The study of various therapies to heal cranial defects requires an appropriate ?critical? animal model. An experimental animal model should be analogous and recognizable as an appropriate challenge to human physiology. In addition, the defect must fail to heal unless treated with the tissue engineering therapy under study. Sheep as a large animal model was chosen because of its ability to tolerate creation of large skull defects analogous to clinical scenario, and its biology of healing as a high order mammal would be closer human beings. There is no agreement on the critical size limits for cranial defects. Various sizes have been termed "critical" in publications utilizing sheep. These ranged from 20-22mm. This study will investigate whether a 20mm defect is adequate. Bilateral circular cranial defects of 10, 20 and 25mm diameters were created in 12 adult sheep. Based on guided tissue engineering principles, defect protection was utilized to prevent in-growth of fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells from the surroundings. As bone tissue regeneration strategies usually involve osteoconduction element, an animal model that considered the defect protection role of osteoconduction would be more appropriate. Repopulation and regeneration of the defect was maximized as an added challenge Bioresorbable polylactic acid co-polymer mesh (MacroPoreTM) and Titanium mesh (TiMeshTM) was used as defect protection. The cranial defects were harvested at 8 and 16 weeks. The end-point analysis included Faxitron X-ray images, DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), and histology. The defects were graded to assess their ability to eventually heal. 10mm defects fully healed at 16 weeks. There was new bone formation spanning the entire defect seen on histology. 25mm defects were spanned by thin fibrous tissue only. There was variability in the healing potential of 20mm defect. Based on presence of bone islands within the defect, half of the 20mm defects demonstrated ability to heal while the other half actually had new bone spanning the defects on histology. Critical size cranial defect in sheep for the study of bone graft substitute has to be larger than 25mm diameter. The model is then utilized to study the use of Pro Osteon and AGF compared with the gold standard of autologous bone graft.

No description available.

A trauma frequency analysis was undertaken on a skeletal sample (n = 75) from the skeletal collections of the medieval Augustinian Priory of St. Mary Merton and the post-medieval lower cemetery of St. Bride’s Church. Fourty-four individuals exhibited trauma on one or more cranial elements. Cranial bones were arranged in different groupings for analysis: inclusive samples of 100% complete, at least 75% complete, at least 25% complete, entire sample; and independent samples of 100% complete, 75 - <100% complete, 25 - <75% complete, and <25% complete. Crania were categorized as 100% complete and incomplete. Four frequencies were calculated (frequency of lesions, of individuals with lesions, of individuals with multiple lesions, and the number of lesions per injured individuals) for each category and cranial element. The results illustrate a general trend towards a decrease in frequency as more fragmentary material is included, illustrating that including the more fragmentary material may bias the results towards underestimating trauma frequencies. However, Fisher’s exact tests do not show statistically significant differences between frequencies in the independent samples analysis, except for individuals with lesions on the right nasal bone. Further research into the effect of fragmentation and poor preservation in skeletal research, cranial trauma research in particular, is required. / Graduate