This thesis concerns the subject-reality relationship within the philosophy of the mature Nietzsche. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the interpretative dilemma that arises from apparent inconsistencies in Nietzsche’s analysis of that relationship. The ambivalence in Nietzsche’s ontology and epistemology leads many of his interpreters to endorse different and opposing readings of this relationship. Some interpreters are inclined to read the entirety of Nietzsche’s philosophy in light of his metaphysics. This is not the approach taken here but, it is important to establish common ground with respect to the interpretation of the relationship between us, knowing subjects, and an external reality.