published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

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Abstract There is a general perception that women are victims and men are the perpetrators of sexual offense. Female perpetrators of sexual crimes have been neglected in the research literature, because female sex offenders do not live up to preconceptions of female as motherly and caring. Females tend to be responsible for a very small portion of all crimes and are estimated to account for 1-2% of all sexual offenses. Theories use to discuss female sex offending include neutralization of behavior, mental health and feminist theory. The aim of the present study was to describe female sex offenders and examine the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim by analyzing court judgments. Convictions ( N=22) from the Swedish district courts, where female convicted of sexual crimes in accordance with legislation on sexual crimes during the years 2008-2013 were examined. Significantly more females (82%) denied the offenses they were charged off. The majority of the perpetrators had a relationship with the victims and carried out their crimes with a male accomplice. Of the 27 sexual crimes perpetrated, 63% of the victims were under 18 years old and were primarily female. Most women in this study were given a sanction of a non-custodial nature. Female sex offenders are a relatively unexplored group of sexual offense perpetrators. They do exist and sexual offending causes a great deal of harm to victims and society, so it is worth studying. Keywords: Female perpetrator, female criminals, sexual crimes, convictions, female.

This study investigates the impact of education programmes on the rehabilitation of prisoners. For the purpose of this study, rehabilitation of a prisoner is a stage reached when a person, after admission into prison, undergoes specifically planned programmes that will help him or her to fit well into society (social adjustment), be accepted by family and community and not to re-enter prison after release. This study acknowledges the fact that education on its own is not necessarily rehabilitative, but education helps to equip people with knowledge and skills that they may use in the outside world so that they may not resort to criminal practices as a result of unemployment. Methods of rehabilitation in different countries have been studied with the aim of comparing them with those in the South African context. Theories concerning the causes and treatment of crime and some ways of rehabilitating prisoners have also been examined. Questionnaires with personal, administrative and institutions items were given to programme facilitators, participants in programmes, nonparticipants in programmes and to ex-prisoners. Some questionnaires were given to family members of prisoners. Also, interviews with prison warders were conducted. This study has shown that educational programmes have a positive impact on the rehabilitation of prisoners. Sentenced prisoners and ex-prisoners that participated in educational programmes confirmed this. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, [2007]

Graduate

The purpose of this baseline study was to determine the effectiveness of a cognitive restructuring program in reducing recidivism of offenders under supervision in a communitybased setting. The study also sought to determine the relationships between three outcomes (no recidivism within one year of release from the community-based supervised setting, violation of Home Detention requirements resulting in incompleteness of court ordered supervision, and recidivism within one year of release from Home Detention) and risk predictor variables including hours of participation in a cognitive restructuring program (Criminal Intervention), gender, race, age, previous criminal history, educational attainment, and history of substance abuse.The population of the study included offenders under sentence of community-based supervision during a two-year period from November, 1992 to October, 1994. One group of 297 offenders participated in the cognitive restructuring intervention program; another group of 346 offenders did not participate. Chi-square analyses based in contingency tables determined statistical significance of the categorical variables, and stepwise discriminant analysis was utilized to create a model that best differentiated between three outcome groups.When using 16 predictor variables, the results of discriminant analyses indicated that outcomes between groups could be differentiated by a function that accounted for 94% of the variability between groups and resulted in no statistically significant residual discriminations. Pearson product-moment correlational analyses indicated only modest correlations between the variables, and chi-square analyses resulted in the rejection of seven out of ten hypotheses concerning outcome and the categorical risk variables.Two important findings relating to the treatment program, Criminal Intervention, were found. Post-release recidivism of offenders was reduced by 7%. However, offenders participating in the treatment program were terminated from supervision due to violations of the conditions for that supervision at an additional rate of 10% over the nonparticipating violators. The review of the literature and research findings confirmed that individual differences were important to successful rehabilitation; therefore, appropriate matching between intervention program and offender risk and need was warranted. Follow up studies, comprehensive offender assessments, and development, utilization, and validation of a comprehensive risk assessment tool was recommended for future research. / Department of Educational Leadership

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education and training in the rehabilitation of inmates and its probable curbing of recidivism at Rooigrond Management Area. The study determined the impact the community and other stakeholders has in placing back law abiding citizens into the community. Due to the complexity of the research two methods were adopted, viz. qualitative and quantitative methods. The research comprised of two types of respondents, sixty inmates and forty officials all from Rooigrond Management Area. The primary instrument in the study was a structured questionnaire. Instruments such as frequency distribution, cross-tabulation were utilised to analyse the data collected to this study. The chi-square was also employed to assess the statistical significance of the variables. The results of the study revealed that training facilities were inadequate and also the curbing of recidivism through rehabilitation programmes that are offered at the prison were investigated. Maintenance and sustainable policies of rehabilitation programmes as mandated by Department of Correctional Services were seen as a valuable instrument for curbing recidivism and it has also shown that it has what it takes to place back law-abiding citizens when applied correctly. The significant finding of the study is that correctional officials need to change their attitude towards inmates and to have access to the policy on Education and Training. Furthermore, it needs to be realised that rehabilitation is not the sole responsibility of the DCS but the Department of Labour, the community and other stakeholders. Inmates should also be enlightened and oriented with Education and Training programmes. Based on the study in meeting the DCS to be one of the best in the world, every member of the DCS need to know his/her duties and/or responsibilities, core values and to know exactly where the Department is heading. Therefore, every member of the DCS need to align himself or herself with the vision of the DCS that state, "To be the best in the world in delivering correctional services with integrity and commitment to excellence. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2003

Plankwalk is a creative thesis in the form of a novella and critical afterword. The essay explains how the author makes use of a variety of sources, and how he shapes their effect according to an original conception of the form of the contemporary novella. There follows a discussion of this form and its relation to the confessional narratives of Vladimir Nabokov, and to cultural critics' views on the social role of criminals. The author demonstrates how the changing nature of criminality and confession is reflected in the works of de Sade, Poe, and Nabokov. The issues of the handling of irony, paranoia and the relation of crime to work emerge as the key elements. The author posits the fusion of confessional narrative with the literature of genre overdetermination, in which the expectations of genre dominate a character's interiority.

Thesis (MPsy(Clinical))--University of South Australia, 1999.

Thesis (MPsy(Clinical))--University of South Australia, 2001.