Field experiments were conducted at four sites in 2005 in the Yuma Valley, AZ (approximately 150 ft. elevation) to evaluate the performance of CN9 fertilizer [a N-calcium (Ca) based fertilizer (9-0-0-11)] in comparison to a conventional N fertilizer source with irrigated melons/cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.). Each field was divided into two equal (approximately 40 acres) sections. One section received the grower’s N fertilizer source (Conventional) while the other section received the CN9 fertilizer. Basic plant growth and development measurements, aboveground biomass, total and marketable yield, Sugar fruit content as well as total nutrient analysis were among the main variables analyzed. In general, all phenology variables responded similarly between conventional and CN9 treatments. Fresh weight yields ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 kg/ha were observed between conventional and CN9 treatments. Statistical analyses show that total yield between conventional and CN9 was statistically the same; with the exception of the Perriconi site. Similar results were observed for marketable yield. Brix values ranged from 10 to 14 percent, statistical differences for Brix values between the conventional and CN9 treatments were found on the Perriconi and Mason 80 sites where the conventional treatment had higher sugar content in the fruit. Overall, there were no differences in nutrient uptake and allocation patterns due to the addition of CN9 among experimental sites or sampling dates. Regarding the allocation of nutrients in the rind and flesh of melons, the same patterns between treatments at all sites were observed.

Diploma thesis follows the influence of organic and conventional potato management (Solanum tuberosum L.) on tuber protein content. Potato protein represents from 1/3 to {$^1\!/\!_2$} of total tuber nitrogen compound and belongs among the most valuable plant proteins - its high value is given by high level of essential amino acids. Important group of potato proteins is a patatin (complex of patatin proteins), which is considered as a major storage protein and has many important physiological functions such as antioxidant activity and function of defense system against pathogenic organisms. The aim of the the work was to determined content of crude protein, pure protein and patatin proteins representation in the total protein of potato tubers. The diploma thesis was solved using 5 potatoes varieties, 2 year{\crq}s repetition and variant of organic and conventional potato production system. The obtained data were statistically evaluated. It was found, that content of dry matter in potato tubers was significantly influenced by a year and locality of the field experiment. Crude protein content in potato tubers was significantly influenced by a year, variety and type of potato management system. The potato tubers produced under conventional and organic management contained 9.93 and 9.16 % of crude protein in dry matter, respectively. Pure protein content was significantly influenced by variety. The affect of crop management on the pure protein content was not statistically signifiant. However, slightly higher content of pure protein was evaluated in dry matter of potato tuber produced under convetional than under organic crop management resulting in average value of 4.23 and 3.86 %, respectively. Representation of pure protein in total content of nitrogen matters was significantly influenced by variety and a year of growing. Complex of patatin proteins (40-45 kDa) was detected for all of the evaluated potato varieties and variants of the field experiment. Higher number of patatin isoforms (with rather physiological function) was investigated in potato tubers from organic crop management.

The main part of the thesis is evaluation of yield and qualitative parameters of hybrid winter rye. A small plot experiment was made at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice (380 m). The trial took place in two years: 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The effect of sowing (early and late), seed quantity (standard - 2 MKS / ha and reduced - 1 MKS / ha), variety and year were evaluated in three varieties of hybrid rye (Cossani, Performer, Santini). To achieve the most accurate results, all 12 variants were sown in 4 replicates. From the qualitative parameters were determined: Falling number, volume weight, content of N substances. Concerning the yield, use of a standard seed rate (2 MKS / ha) was more stable, with an average yield increase of 0.64 t / ha. The most profitable was the Performer variety, which stood out with a consistently high falling number.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ácido giberélico em doses crescentes, isoladamente ou em conjunto com o anelamento de ramos e/ou com o desponte de cachos sobre as características dos cachos, bagos e engaços das cultivares de uvas de mesa Niagara Rosada e Vênus. Foram realizados dois experimentos para cada cultivar nas regiões noroeste e da alta paulista do Estado de São Paulo, e os delineamentos estatísticos utilizados foram em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições sendo quatorze e dezoito tratamentos para 'Niagara Rosada' e vinte e oito tratamentos para cada experimento com 'Vênus'. Para todos os experimentos, o ácido giberélico nas doses de 0; 10; 22,5; 35; 47,5; 60 e 72,5ppm, fo i aplicado quinze dias após o pleno florescimento, através da imersão total dos cachos, com exceção de um experimento com 'Niagara Rosada', no qual foi acrescido mais duas doses de 85 e 97,5ppm. O anelamento nos ramos produtivos foi realizado também nesta mesma época. No primeiro experimento com 'Niagara Rosada' detectou-se que não houve influência do anelamento de ramos sobre a massa e o tamanho médio dos bagos. Também, a dose de 35ppm de ácido giberélico sendo aplicada isoladamente originou incrementos na massa e tamanho médio dos cachos e bagos. Esta mesma dose quando aplicada conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos proporcionou incrementos no teor de sólidos solúveis totais do mosto. No segundo experimento com 'Niagara Rosada', maiores incrementos no tamanho e massa dos bagos, assim como no diâmetro médio dos pedicelos foram obtidos com a aplicação de 60ppm de ácido giberélico conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos. Já, os maiores incrementos na massa e na largura dos cachos e no número médio de bagos por cacho foram obtidos com a dose de 35ppm aplicada conjuntamente com a prática do anelamento. Já, com a cultivar Vênus no ciclo vegetativo de 1999 verificou-se que quanto maior a dose de ácido giberélico, maior foi o comprimento, a largura e a massa dos bagos. Também, o anelamento realizado isoladamente ou conjuntamente com o desponte de cachos proporcionou o aumento destas mesmas características. No experimento com a cultivar 'Vênus' no ciclo vegetativo de 2000 notou-se que quanto maior a dose de ácido giberélico, maior foi o comprimento e a largura dos cachos e engaços. A dose de 35ppm de ácido giberélico, aplicada conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos isoladamente ou com o desponte de cachos, proporcionou as maiores massas de cachos e engaços e o maior número médio de bagos por cacho. Maiores bagos foram obtidos com a aplicação de 60ppm de ácido giberélico realizada conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos isoladamente ou em conjunto com o desponte de cachos. A maior massa de bagos foi obtida com a aplicação isolada de 47,5ppm de ácido giberélico. Também, obteve-se menores teores de sólidos solúveis totais com doses maiores do regulador vegetal aplicadas conjuntamente com a técnica de incisão anelar. / The present work was developed to evaluate the effect on the cluster, berries and raquis characteristics of Niagara Rosada and Venus table grapes of increasing doses of gibberellic acid associated or not with branch girdling and/or cluster blunt. Two experiments, for each cultivar, were accomplished in the northwest area of São Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with five replications, being fourteen and eighteen treatments for 'Niagara Rosada' and twenty-eight treatments for 'Venus'. The gibberellic acid in the doses of 0; 10; 22,5; 35; 47,5; 60 and 72,5ppm, was applied, through the total immersion of the clusters, fifteen days after the full flowering, except for the second experiment with 'Niagara Rosada', in which was added up two more doses of 85 and 97,5ppm. The girdling in the productive branches was also accomplished in this same time. In the first experiment with 'Niagara Rosada' no effect of girdling was detected on the berry mass and size. Also, gibberellic acid (35ppm) alone increased cluster and berry mass and size. This same dose when associated with girdling provided increase in the soluble solids. In the second experiment with 'Niagara Rosada', larger increments on berry size and mass, as well as, pedicels diameter were obtained with gibberellic acid (60ppm) associated with branch girdling. The largest increments on cluster mass and width and on the berry number per cluster, were obtained applying gibberellic acid (35ppm) associated with girdling. In the first experiment with 'Venus' seedless table grape in 1999 it was detected that the higher the concentrations of gibberellic acid, the larger were berry length, width and the mass. Also, girdling associated or not with cluster blunt increased these same characteristics. In the second experiment with 'Venus' cultivar it was noticed that the higher the concentrations of gibberellic acid, the larger were cluster and raquis length and width. Gibberellic acid (35ppm) associated with girdling only or with cluster blunt provided the largest increase on cluster and raquis masses and the largest berry number per cluster. Larger berries were obtained with gibberellic acid (60ppm) associated with girdling only or with cluster blunt. The largest berry mass was obtained with gibberellic acid (47,5ppm). Also, it was detected a decrease in soluble solids with higher concentrations of the vegetable regulator associated with girdling.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ácido giberélico em doses crescentes, isoladamente ou em conjunto com o anelamento de ramos e/ou com o desponte de cachos sobre as características dos cachos, bagos e engaços das cultivares de uvas de mesa Niagara Rosada e Vênus. Foram realizados dois experimentos para cada cultivar nas regiões noroeste e da alta paulista do Estado de São Paulo, e os delineamentos estatísticos utilizados foram em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições sendo quatorze e dezoito tratamentos para 'Niagara Rosada' e vinte e oito tratamentos para cada experimento com 'Vênus'. Para todos os experimentos, o ácido giberélico nas doses de 0; 10; 22,5; 35; 47,5; 60 e 72,5ppm, fo i aplicado quinze dias após o pleno florescimento, através da imersão total dos cachos, com exceção de um experimento com 'Niagara Rosada', no qual foi acrescido mais duas doses de 85 e 97,5ppm. O anelamento nos ramos produtivos foi realizado também nesta mesma época. No primeiro experimento com 'Niagara Rosada' detectou-se que não houve influência do anelamento de ramos sobre a massa e o tamanho médio dos bagos. Também, a dose de 35ppm de ácido giberélico sendo aplicada isoladamente originou incrementos na massa e tamanho médio dos cachos e bagos. Esta mesma dose quando aplicada conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos proporcionou incrementos no teor de sólidos solúveis totais do mosto. No segundo experimento com 'Niagara Rosada', maiores incrementos no tamanho e massa dos bagos, assim como no diâmetro médio dos pedicelos foram obtidos com a aplicação de 60ppm de ácido giberélico conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos. Já, os maiores incrementos na massa e na largura dos cachos e no número médio de bagos por cacho foram obtidos com a dose de 35ppm aplicada conjuntamente com a prática do anelamento. Já, com a cultivar Vênus no ciclo vegetativo de 1999 verificou-se que quanto maior a dose de ácido giberélico, maior foi o comprimento, a largura e a massa dos bagos. Também, o anelamento realizado isoladamente ou conjuntamente com o desponte de cachos proporcionou o aumento destas mesmas características. No experimento com a cultivar 'Vênus' no ciclo vegetativo de 2000 notou-se que quanto maior a dose de ácido giberélico, maior foi o comprimento e a largura dos cachos e engaços. A dose de 35ppm de ácido giberélico, aplicada conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos isoladamente ou com o desponte de cachos, proporcionou as maiores massas de cachos e engaços e o maior número médio de bagos por cacho. Maiores bagos foram obtidos com a aplicação de 60ppm de ácido giberélico realizada conjuntamente com o anelamento de ramos isoladamente ou em conjunto com o desponte de cachos. A maior massa de bagos foi obtida com a aplicação isolada de 47,5ppm de ácido giberélico. Também, obteve-se menores teores de sólidos solúveis totais com doses maiores do regulador vegetal aplicadas conjuntamente com a técnica de incisão anelar. / The present work was developed to evaluate the effect on the cluster, berries and raquis characteristics of Niagara Rosada and Venus table grapes of increasing doses of gibberellic acid associated or not with branch girdling and/or cluster blunt. Two experiments, for each cultivar, were accomplished in the northwest area of São Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with five replications, being fourteen and eighteen treatments for 'Niagara Rosada' and twenty-eight treatments for 'Venus'. The gibberellic acid in the doses of 0; 10; 22,5; 35; 47,5; 60 and 72,5ppm, was applied, through the total immersion of the clusters, fifteen days after the full flowering, except for the second experiment with 'Niagara Rosada', in which was added up two more doses of 85 and 97,5ppm. The girdling in the productive branches was also accomplished in this same time. In the first experiment with 'Niagara Rosada' no effect of girdling was detected on the berry mass and size. Also, gibberellic acid (35ppm) alone increased cluster and berry mass and size. This same dose when associated with girdling provided increase in the soluble solids. In the second experiment with 'Niagara Rosada', larger increments on berry size and mass, as well as, pedicels diameter were obtained with gibberellic acid (60ppm) associated with branch girdling. The largest increments on cluster mass and width and on the berry number per cluster, were obtained applying gibberellic acid (35ppm) associated with girdling. In the first experiment with 'Venus' seedless table grape in 1999 it was detected that the higher the concentrations of gibberellic acid, the larger were berry length, width and the mass. Also, girdling associated or not with cluster blunt increased these same characteristics. In the second experiment with 'Venus' cultivar it was noticed that the higher the concentrations of gibberellic acid, the larger were cluster and raquis length and width. Gibberellic acid (35ppm) associated with girdling only or with cluster blunt provided the largest increase on cluster and raquis masses and the largest berry number per cluster. Larger berries were obtained with gibberellic acid (60ppm) associated with girdling only or with cluster blunt. The largest berry mass was obtained with gibberellic acid (47,5ppm). Also, it was detected a decrease in soluble solids with higher concentrations of the vegetable regulator associated with girdling.

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No description available.

High-input management practices are often heavily marketed to producers to increase soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] yield in already high-yielding environments. Field research was conducted in three locations within 6 states (Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, and Minnesota) in 2009 to determine the effect of seed treatment, inoculant, foliar fungicide, additional soil fertility beyond state recommendations, foliar fertilizer, increased population over state recommendations, and narrow row spacing on yield. The high-input system (combination of the management practices) yielded higher than standard-input system (University recommended management practices) in only 8 of the 18 locations. Narrow rows, in both the high and standard-input systems, only increased yield in 4 locations. Inoculant did not increase yield at any location. Foliar fertilizer application and seed treatment increased yield in one location each. The additional soil fertility and fungicide application increased yield in two locations each. The increased population increased yields in 3 of the 18 locations; while an additional fungicide application at R5 only increased yield in 1 location. Foliar fertilizers at rates above commercial use did not increase soybean yield in Kentucky in 2008 or 2009. High-input production practices were largely unsuccessful at increasing soybean yield in these studies.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A mamoneira à uma planta oleaginosa arbustiva, e o Ãleo de suas sementes possui inÃmeras aplicaÃÃes industriais. Contudo, na atualidade tem-se dado Ãnfase ao seu emprego na produÃÃo de combustÃvel renovÃvel (biodiesel). O que reveste a cultura de grande importÃncia econÃmica e ambiental. Desse modo, foram conduzidos dois ensaios experimentais durante os anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento da mamoneira cultivada em diferentes Ãpocas, espaÃamentos e sob condiÃÃes irrigadas e de sequeiro. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, que pertence ao Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. No primeiro experimento a mamoneira cv. âBRS 149 Nordestinaâ foi semeada em quatro Ãpocas, combinadas com dois regimes de irrigaÃÃo. No segundo experimento, foram testadas duas cultivares (BRS 149 Nordestina e Mirante 10) semeadas em trÃs espaÃamentos e em duas Ãpocas distintas. Verificou-se que a antecipaÃÃo da semeadura para janeiro de 2004 com o uso da irrigaÃÃo promoveu incrementos na produtividade de grÃos e no nÃmero de racemos por planta, os quais possuem maior tamanho, peso e nÃmero de frutos. A suplementaÃÃo hÃdrica foi mais vantajosa no inÃcio do crescimento da cultura do que apÃs o tÃrmino da estaÃÃo chuvosa. As sementes dos racemos secundÃrios e terciÃrios possuem maior teor de Ãleo e massa de sementes. No experimento de 2005 foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: a Ãpoca de plantio associada à irrigaÃÃo promoveu aumentos da altura da planta, do nÃmero de ramos laterais e do nÃmero de internÃdios, alÃm de retardar o florescimento e aumentar a produtividade de grÃos. O nÃmero de racemos e de frutos por racemo reduziu com o plantio de sequeiro. Os racemos que mais contribuÃram com a produtividade total foram os secundÃrios seguidos dos terciÃrios. A cv. Nordestina apresentou maior massa e teor de Ãleo das sementes do que a cv. Mirante 10. Em mÃdia sob condiÃÃes irrigadas a massa das sementes aumentou, independente do espaÃamento ou da cultivar utilizada. Por outro lado, a antecipaÃÃo do plantio associada à irrigaÃÃo reduziu o teor de Ãleo das sementes. / The castor bean is an oil seed crop, and the oil present in the seeds has several industrial applications. Recently it has been suggested to be used as a renewable fuel (Biodiesel). As a consequence the crop has assumed a relevant ecological and economic importance. Two field studies were conducted in 2003, 2004 and 2005, with the objective of evaluating the behavior of castor bean grown at different times and spacing and under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The experiments were carried out at the "Fazenda Experimental do Vale do Curu", belonging to the Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Brazil. In the first experiment the castor plant cv. BRS 149 Nordestina was sown at four different times of planting combined with two irrigation regimes. In the second experiment, two cultivars were evaluated (BRS 149 Nordestina and Mirante 10) seeded in three plant spacing and two different times. Irrigation was more profitable at the beginning of the cycle, prior the rain season than at the end of the rain period, at the end of the plant growth cycle. The combination of the anticipation of the sowing in January of 2004 with the use of irrigation promoted increments in the seed yield and number of racemes for plant and higher weight and number of fruits per raceme. Irrigation yielded better results when was associated with the earliness of planting, as compared with application of water at the end of the raining season. The seeds of the secondary and tertiary racemes possessed greater oil content and seeds weigh. When sowed in December of 2003 the primary racemes produced very light seeds. In the experiment of 2005 the following results were observed: the combination of anticipation of sowing with irrigation promoted increases of the height of the plant, number of lateral branches and the number of internodes, delayed flowering and increased grain yield. Under rain red conditions the number the number of fruits per raceme was reduced. Secondary racemes were responsible for the higher proportion of total seed yield, followed by the tertiary racemes. The cv. BRS 149 Nordestina showed higher seed weigh and oil content. Under irrigation condition the weigh of the seeds increased, independent of the spacing or cultivar used. The early planting associated with the irrigation practice reduced the oil content of the seeds.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A mamoneira à uma planta oleaginosa arbustiva, e o Ãleo de suas sementes possui inÃmeras aplicaÃÃes industriais. Contudo, na atualidade tem-se dado Ãnfase ao seu emprego na produÃÃo de combustÃvel renovÃvel (biodiesel). O que reveste a cultura de grande importÃncia econÃmica e ambiental. Desse modo, foram conduzidos dois ensaios experimentais durante os anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento da mamoneira cultivada em diferentes Ãpocas, espaÃamentos e sob condiÃÃes irrigadas e de sequeiro. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, que pertence ao Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. No primeiro experimento a mamoneira cv. âBRS 149 Nordestinaâ foi semeada em quatro Ãpocas, combinadas com dois regimes de irrigaÃÃo. No segundo experimento, foram testadas duas cultivares (BRS 149 Nordestina e Mirante 10) semeadas em trÃs espaÃamentos e em duas Ãpocas distintas. Verificou-se que a antecipaÃÃo da semeadura para janeiro de 2004 com o uso da irrigaÃÃo promoveu incrementos na produtividade de grÃos e no nÃmero de racemos por planta, os quais possuem maior tamanho, peso e nÃmero de frutos. A suplementaÃÃo hÃdrica foi mais vantajosa no inÃcio do crescimento da cultura do que apÃs o tÃrmino da estaÃÃo chuvosa. As sementes dos racemos secundÃrios e terciÃrios possuem maior teor de Ãleo e massa de sementes. No experimento de 2005 foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: a Ãpoca de plantio associada à irrigaÃÃo promoveu aumentos da altura da planta, do nÃmero de ramos laterais e do nÃmero de internÃdios, alÃm de retardar o florescimento e aumentar a produtividade de grÃos. O nÃmero de racemos e de frutos por racemo reduziu com o plantio de sequeiro. Os racemos que mais contribuÃram com a produtividade total foram os secundÃrios seguidos dos terciÃrios. A cv. Nordestina apresentou maior massa e teor de Ãleo das sementes do que a cv. Mirante 10. Em mÃdia sob condiÃÃes irrigadas a massa das sementes aumentou, independente do espaÃamento ou da cultivar utilizada. Por outro lado, a antecipaÃÃo do plantio associada à irrigaÃÃo reduziu o teor de Ãleo das sementes. / The castor bean is an oil seed crop, and the oil present in the seeds has several industrial applications. Recently it has been suggested to be used as a renewable fuel (Biodiesel). As a consequence the crop has assumed a relevant ecological and economic importance. Two field studies were conducted in 2003, 2004 and 2005, with the objective of evaluating the behavior of castor bean grown at different times and spacing and under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The experiments were carried out at the "Fazenda Experimental do Vale do Curu", belonging to the Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Brazil. In the first experiment the castor plant cv. BRS 149 Nordestina was sown at four different times of planting combined with two irrigation regimes. In the second experiment, two cultivars were evaluated (BRS 149 Nordestina and Mirante 10) seeded in three plant spacing and two different times. Irrigation was more profitable at the beginning of the cycle, prior the rain season than at the end of the rain period, at the end of the plant growth cycle. The combination of the anticipation of the sowing in January of 2004 with the use of irrigation promoted increments in the seed yield and number of racemes for plant and higher weight and number of fruits per raceme. Irrigation yielded better results when was associated with the earliness of planting, as compared with application of water at the end of the raining season. The seeds of the secondary and tertiary racemes possessed greater oil content and seeds weigh. When sowed in December of 2003 the primary racemes produced very light seeds. In the experiment of 2005 the following results were observed: the combination of anticipation of sowing with irrigation promoted increases of the height of the plant, number of lateral branches and the number of internodes, delayed flowering and increased grain yield. Under rain red conditions the number the number of fruits per raceme was reduced. Secondary racemes were responsible for the higher proportion of total seed yield, followed by the tertiary racemes. The cv. BRS 149 Nordestina showed higher seed weigh and oil content. Under irrigation condition the weigh of the seeds increased, independent of the spacing or cultivar used. The early planting associated with the irrigation practice reduced the oil content of the seeds.