Un gran porcentaje de las viviendas construidas en Latino América son producto de la autoconstrucción, es decir, no cuentan con estudios preliminares, licencias de construcción, supervisión profesional, son construidas con materiales inadecuados, presentan deficiencia estructural y están ubicadas en zonas no aptas para la construcción. Esto genera peligro a la población, a pesar de que se realice mediante procesos constructivos convencionales sugeridos y asistidos por los maestros de obra. En los primeros meses de 2017, se registraron intensas lluvias debido al Fenómeno del Niño Costero, y se generaron importantes daños en viviendas y carreteras en la Costa de Latino América. Las obras de reconstrucción no se han realizado y existe una gran cantidad de familias damnificadas que esperan acceder a una vivienda segura. En la presente investigación se desarrolló la propuesta de un diseño general de vivienda modular sostenible basado en la Construcción Vernácula a través del uso de materiales eficientes como la caña, la madera, la fibra paja y el barro. / A large percentage of homes built in Latin America are the result of the self-construction, which in most cases means, they do not have preliminary studies, building permits, professional supervision, are built with inadequate materials have structural deficiency and are located in unsuitable areas for construction; despite the fact that it is carried out through conventional constructive processes suggested and assisted by the construction masters it still generates danger to the population. In the first months of 2017, intense rains were recorded due to the El Niño Coastal Phenomenon, and significant damage was caused to homes and roads in the Latin American Coast. The reconstruction works has not been carried out and there are many families affected who hope to access safe housing. In the present investigation the proposal of a general design of sustainable modular housing based on Vernacular Construction was developed with efficient materials such as cane, wood, straw fiber and mud. / Trabajo de investigación

Hurricane is one of the most destructive and costly natural hazard to the built environment and its impact on low-rise buildings, particularity, is beyond acceptable. The major objective of this research was to perform a parametric evaluation of internal pressure (IP) for wind-resistant design of low-rise buildings and wind-driven natural ventilation applications. For this purpose, a multi-scale experimental, i.e. full-scale at Wall of Wind (WoW) and small-scale at Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT), and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach was adopted. This provided new capability to assess wind pressures realistically on internal volumes ranging from small spaces formed between roof tiles and its deck to attic to room partitions. Effects of sudden breaching, existing dominant openings on building envelopes as well as compartmentalization of building interior on the IP were systematically investigated. Results of this research indicated: (i) for sudden breaching of dominant openings, the transient overshooting response was lower than the subsequent steady state peak IP and internal volume correction for low-wind-speed testing facilities was necessary. For example a building without volume correction experienced a response four times faster and exhibited 30-40% lower mean and peak IP; (ii) for existing openings, vent openings uniformly distributed along the roof alleviated, whereas one sided openings aggravated the IP; (iii) larger dominant openings exhibited a higher IP on the building envelope, and an off-center opening on the wall exhibited (30-40%) higher IP than center located openings; (iv) compartmentalization amplified the intensity of IP and; (v) significant underneath pressure was measured for field tiles, warranting its consideration during net pressure evaluations. The study aimed at wind driven natural ventilation indicated: (i) the IP due to cross ventilation was 1.5 to 2.5 times higher for Ainlet/Aoutlet>1 compared to cases where Ainlet/AoutletCFD based IP responses. Comparisons with ASCE 7-10 consistently demonstrated that the code underestimated peak positive and suction IP.