Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Paulo V B e Azevedo.pdf: 3414417 bytes, checksum: 54ac1ec125fcb10c62ef1c5059b81be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents from an indigenous population living in isolated tribes in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This is an analytical prevalence study in a sample of 192 indigenous children and adolescents from Karajá ethnicity, aged between 7 and 14 years old. The prevalence were determined using the syndrome scales of mental health problems according to the ASEBA questionnaires. The Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form 6-18 (TRF) were used for the screening of these problems. The difference among the prevalence found in the two questionnaires as well as the risk association between gender and schooling and mental health problems were evaluated. Results: A total prevalence of problems of 34.38% with the CBCL and of 23.44% with the TRF was found (p < 0.00). There was an association between the occurrence of these problems in the subjects attending the second phase of fundamental school (6th to 9th year of formal education). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health problems found was high when compared to studies with other cultures around the world. It was observed that even in human populations who preserve the primordial cultural aspects of their ancestors who lived 10.000 years ago, psychiatric problems exist and have clinical presentations that are similar to those found in modern civilized societies, in which the cultural context may influence the manifestations of such problems. / Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de problemas mentais em crianças e adolescentes de uma população indígena vivendo isolada em tribos na Amazônia Brasileira. Métodos: Estudo de prevalência analítico em amostra de 192 crianças e adolescentes indígenas da etnia Karajá, entre os 07 e 14 anos de idade. As prevalências foram determinadas pelas escalas síndromes de problemas de saúde mental de acordo com os questionários do ASEBA. Foram utilizados para detecção desses problemas os Inventários de Comportamentos para Crianças e Adolescentes de 6 a 18 anos (CBCL) e de Comportamentos Referidos pelo Professor para Alunos de 6 a 18 anos (TRF). Foi avaliada a diferença entre as prevalências encontradas nos dois questionários e a associação de risco entre o sexo e a escolaridade e os problemas de saúde mental. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma prevalência de problemas totais de 34,38% com o CBCL e de 23,44% com o TRF (p < 0,00). Houve associação entre a ocorrência de problemas mentais e o sexo e a escolaridade, com maior ocorrência desses problemas nos sujeitos cursando a segunda fase do ensino fundamental. Conclusão: A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental encontrada foi alta comparada aos estudos com outras culturas ao redor do mundo. Observou-se que mesmo em populações humanas que preservam os aspectos culturais primordiais dos seus ancestrais que viveram há 10.000 anos, existem problemas psiquiátricos com apresentações clínicas similares às encontradas em sociedades modernas civilizadas, podendo o contexto cultural influenciar nas manifestações desses.

Magister Artium - MA / This biography of Dr Vera Bührmann is an intersectional and interdisciplinary investigation of an unusual Afrikaner woman who occupied several unusual places in South African society. Through rigorous archival research and a wide reading of English and Afrikaans secondary sources, I examine the mythology that has grown up around Dr Bührmann and expose contradictions and inaccuracies inherent within these myths. I adopt a chronological approach but focus on certain key motifs. I dwell on her family background in order to demonstrate the depths of the Afrikaner nationalist tradition to which she was heir. I uncover the impact that physical anthropology had on her during her initial medical training at Wits and UCT in the 1930s. I highlight the intensity of her commitment to, and leadership roles in, the Ossewa-Brandwag and Dietse Kinderfonds, both extremist right-wing Afrikaner nationalist organisations. Vera’s marital crises reveal something of her ‘human’ side but are an important component of her story because she reinvented herself following her divorce in the early 1950s, furthering her medical qualifications as well as training as a Jungian analyst. I investigate the various fields in which she worked following her return to South Africa in late 1959 but focus on her cross-cultural psychiatry research with a Xhosa igqira in the 1970s and 1980s since much of the mythology that surrounds her is based on publications that flowed from that research. I engage critically with her published works and associated archival records and present evidence which shows that the view that she underwent a ‘Damascus Road’ experience with respect to her racial politics is unfounded. The racial politics of her ancestors and the ideology of the radical right-wing Ossewa-Brandwag remained with her throughout her life, despite attempts (by Vera and others) to camouflage it. In addition, I show that her use of Jungian depth psychology as a framework for cross-cultural psychiatry research contributed to the reification of apartheid racial politics. This study draws attention to the many pioneering achievements of this remarkable woman but argues that a more nuanced approach to her legacy is needed in light of the evidence of her persistent racial prejudice.